Ubusanzwe igikoni gikoresha amashanyarazi kurusha ibindi byumba byose byo murugo, kandi NEC (Code of National Electrical Code) ivuga ko igikoni kigomba gutangwa cyane nizunguruka nyinshi.Ku gikoni gikoresha ibikoresho byo guteka amashanyarazi, ibi bivuze ko gikenera imirongo irindwi cyangwa irenga.Gereranya ibi nibisabwa mubyumba byo kuraramo cyangwa ahandi hantu hatuwe, aho urumuri rusange-rugamije kumurika urumuri rushobora gutanga urumuri rwose hamwe nucomeka.
Ibikoresho byinshi byo mu gikoni byacometse mu bikoresho bisanzwe byinjira mbere, ariko kubera ko ibikoresho byo mu gikoni byabaye binini kandi binini uko imyaka yagiye ihita, ubu birasanzwe - kandi bisabwa n’inyubako - kuri buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho kugira umuzenguruko wabigenewe udakorera ikindi. .Uretse ibyo, igikoni gisaba ibikoresho bito byumuzingi kandi byibura urumuri rumwe.
Nyamuneka menya ko kodegisi zose zubatswe zidafite ibisabwa bimwe.Mugihe NEC (Code of National Electrical Code) ikora nkibanze kuri code nyinshi zaho, abaturage kugiti cyabo barashobora, kandi akenshi, gushiraho ibipimo ubwabo.Buri gihe ugenzure hamwe nubuyobozi bwa kode bwibanze kubisabwa umuryango wawe.
01. Inzira ya firigo
Mubusanzwe, firigo igezweho isaba umuzenguruko wa 20 amp.Urashobora kugira firigo ntoya icomekwa mumuzunguruko rusange kuri ubu, ariko mugihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kuvugurura ibintu, shyiramo uruziga rwabigenewe (120/125-volt) kuri firigo.Kuri uyu muyoboro wahariwe 20-amp, 12/2 insinga zidafite ibyuma (NM) zometse ku butaka bizakenerwa kugirango insinga.
Uyu muzunguruko mubusanzwe ntukeneye gukingirwa na GFCI keretse iyo isohoka iri muri metero 6 zumwobo cyangwa iherereye muri garage cyangwa munsi yo hasi, ariko mubisanzwe bisaba kurinda AFCI.
02. Uruziga
Urwego rw'amashanyarazi rusanzwe rukenera 240/250-volt, umuzunguruko wa 50-amp.Ibyo bivuze ko uzakenera gushiraho umugozi wa 6/3 NM (cyangwa # 6 THHN insinga mumuyoboro) kugirango ugaburire urwego.Ariko, bizakenera gusa kwakirwa na 120/125-volt kugirango yongere imbaraga zo kugenzura no kugenzura niba ari gaze.
Mugihe gikomeye cyo kuvugurura, nubwo, nibyiza gutekereza gushiraho uruziga rw'amashanyarazi, nubwo utazaba ukoresha ubu.Mugihe kizaza, urashobora guhindura umurongo w'amashanyarazi, kandi kugira uyu muzunguruko uboneka bizagurishwa mugihe uzigera ugurisha inzu yawe.Nyamuneka wibuke ko urwego rw'amashanyarazi rugomba gusubiza inyuma kurukuta, bityo rero shyira aho usohokera.
Mugihe imirongo 50-amp isanzwe kumurongo, ibice bimwe birashobora gusaba imiyoboro igera kuri amps 60, mugihe ibice bito bishobora gusaba imiyoboro mito-40-amps cyangwa 30-amps.Nyamara, kubaka amazu mashya mubisanzwe birimo imirongo ya amp 50, kuko ibyo birahagije kubwinshi mubiteka byo guturamo.
Iyo itanura hamwe nitanura ryurukuta nibice bitandukanye mugikoni, amategeko yigihugu y’amashanyarazi muri rusange yemerera ibice byombi gukoreshwa numuzunguruko umwe, mugihe umutwaro wamashanyarazi uhujwe utarenze ubushobozi bwumutekano wuwo muzunguruko.Ariko, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa ryumuzunguruko wa 2-, 30-, cyangwa 40- amp rikoreshwa kuva kumwanya munini kugeza imbaraga buri kimwe ukwacyo.
03. Inzira ya Dishwasher
Mugihe ushyira ibikoresho byo koza ibikoresho, umuzunguruko ugomba kuba umwihariko wa 120/125-volt, umuzunguruko wa 15-amp.Uyu muzunguruko wa 15-amp ugaburirwa insinga ya 14/2 NM hamwe nubutaka.Urashobora kandi guhitamo kugaburira ibikoresho byoza ibikoresho hamwe na 20 amp umuzunguruko ukoresheje insinga ya 12/2 NM hamwe nubutaka.Nyamuneka wemeze kwemerera ubunebwe buhagije kuri kabili ya NM kugirango igikarabiro gishobore gukururwa no kugikorerwa utagihagaritse - usana ibikoresho byawe azagushimira.
Icyitonderwa: koza ibikoresho bizakenera uburyo bwo gutandukana kwaho cyangwa gufunga.Iki gisabwa kigerwaho nu mugozi no gucomeka cyangwa igikoresho gito cyo gufunga cyashyizwe kumena kumwanya kugirango wirinde guhungabana.
Bamwe mu mashanyarazi bazajya batekesha igikoni kugirango ibikoresho byo koza ibikoresho hamwe no guta imyanda bikoreshwa numuzunguruko umwe, ariko niba ibi bikozwe, bigomba kuba umuzunguruko wa amp 20 kandi hagomba kwitabwaho kugirango amperage yuzuye yibikoresho byombi itarenga 80 ku ijana byurwego rwumuzunguruko.Ugomba kugenzura nubuyobozi bwibanze kugirango urebe niba byemewe.
Ibisabwa bya GFCI na AFCI biratandukanye bivuye kububasha.Mubisanzwe, umuzenguruko usaba uburinzi bwa GFCI, ariko niba uburinzi bwa AFCI busabwa cyangwa ntibuzaterwa nubusobanuro bwibanze bwa kode.
04. Inzira yo guta imyanda
Kujugunya imyanda bikora akazi ko guhanagura akajagari nyuma yo kurya.Iyo bipakiye imyanda, bakoresha amperage nziza mugihe basya imyanda.Kujugunya imyanda bisaba umuzunguruko wa amp 15 wabigenewe, ugaburirwa na kabili ya 14/2 NM hamwe nubutaka.Urashobora kandi guhitamo kugaburira disposer hamwe na 20-amp umuzunguruko, ukoresheje insinga ya 12/2 NM hamwe nubutaka.Ibi bikunze gukorwa mugihe code yaho yemerera guta gusangira umuzenguruko hamwe nuwamesa.Ugomba buri gihe kugenzura numugenzuzi winyubako wibanze kugirango urebe niba ibi byemewe mukarere kawe.
Inkiko zinyuranye zirashobora kugira ibisabwa bitandukanye bisaba kurinda GFCI na AFCI kurinda imyanda, nyamuneka nyamuneka reba abayobozi baho kubi.Harimo kurinda byombi AFCI na GFCI nuburyo bwizewe, ariko kubera ko GFCIs ishobora guhura na "phantom tripping" bitewe no gutangira moteri, amashanyarazi wabigize umwuga akenshi asiba GFCI kuriyi mizunguruko aho code zaho zibemerera.Kurinda AFCI bizakenerwa kuva iyi mizunguruko ikoreshwa nurukuta kandi kujugunya birashobora kuba insinga kugirango ucomeke kurukuta.
05. Inzira ya Microwave
Ifuru ya microwave ikenera 20-amp yabugenewe, umuzunguruko wa 120/125-volt kugirango uyigaburire.Ibi bizakenera insinga ya 12/2 NM hamwe nubutaka.Amashyiga ya Microwave aje muburyo butandukanye no mubunini, bivuze ko hari moderi ya konttop mugihe izindi microwave zishira hejuru y'itanura.
Nubwo ari ibisanzwe kubona amashyiga ya microwave yacometse mubikoresho bisanzwe, amashyiga manini ya microwave arashobora gushushanya nka watt 1500 bityo akenera imiyoboro yabigenewe.
Uyu muzunguruko ntukeneye uburinzi bwa GFCI mubice byinshi, ariko rimwe na rimwe birasabwa aho ibikoresho byacometse ahantu hashobora kuboneka.Kurinda AFCI mubusanzwe birakenewe kuriyi mizunguruko kuva ibikoresho byacometse mumasoko.Nyamara, microwave igira uruhare mumitwaro ya fantom, urashobora rero gutekereza kubipakurura mugihe bidakoreshejwe.
06. Umucyo
Mubyukuri, igikoni nticyaba cyuzuye hatabayeho urumuri rwo kumurika ahantu ho guteka.Imirongo imwe ya 15-amp, 120/125-volt yumuzunguruko irasabwa byibuze guha ingufu itara ryigikoni, nkibikoresho byo hejuru, amatara ya kanseri, amatara munsi yinama y'abaminisitiri, n'amatara.
Buri tara ryamatara rigomba kugira uburyo bwaryo kugirango ryemere kugenzura itara.Urashobora gushaka kongeramo umuyaga cyangwa wenda banki yamatara yumurongo mugihe kizaza.Kubwiyi mpamvu, nibyiza gushiraho umuzunguruko wa 20-amp kugirango ukoreshe urumuri rusange, nubwo code isaba gusa 15-amp.
Mu nkiko nyinshi, umuzunguruko utanga ibikoresho byo kumurika gusa ntibisaba kurinda GFCI, ariko birashobora gukenerwa mugihe urukuta ruherereye hafi yurwobo.Kurinda AFCI mubisanzwe birakenewe kumatara yose.
07. Inzira ntoya
Uzakenera ibice bibiri byeguriwe 20-amp, 120/125-volt yumuzingi hejuru ya konte yawe kugirango ukore imitwaro yawe ntoya, harimo ibikoresho nka toasteri, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi yikawa, imvange, nibindi. ;urashobora kandi gushiraho byinshi niba ibyo ubikeneye.
Nyamuneka gerageza kwiyumvisha aho uzashyira ibikoresho kuri konte yawe mugihe utegura imirongo hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa.Niba ushidikanya, ongeraho izindi nzitizi zigihe kizaza.
Imirongo ikoresha amashanyarazi acomeka itanga ibikoresho bya konttop igombaburigiheufite uburinzi bwa GFCI na AFCI kugirango harebwe umutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-01-2023