Nthawi zambiri khitchini imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo kuposa zipinda zina zilizonse m'nyumba, ndipo NEC (National Electrical Code) imati makhitchini ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mabwalo angapo.Kwa khitchini yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida zophikira zamagetsi, izi zikutanthauza kuti ikufunika mabwalo asanu ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo.Yerekezerani izi ndi zofunikira za chipinda chogona kapena malo ena okhalamo, momwe dera lounikira lopangidwa ndi cholinga chimodzi litha kukhala ndi zida zonse zowunikira ndi mapulagi.
Zipangizo zambiri zakukhitchini zidalumikizidwa m'ziwiya wamba zomwe zatulutsidwa kale, koma zida zakukhitchini zakhala zazikulu komanso zokulirapo pazaka, tsopano ndizokhazikika - ndipo zimafunikira ndi code yomanga - kuti chilichonse mwa zida izi chizikhala ndi chipangizo chodzipatulira chomwe sichimagwira ntchito china chilichonse. .Kupatula apo, makhitchini amafunikira mabwalo ang'onoang'ono amagetsi komanso gawo limodzi lowunikira.
Chonde dziwani kuti si makhodi onse anyumba omwe ali ndi zofunikira zofanana.Ngakhale kuti NEC (National Electrical Code) imakhala ngati maziko a ma code ambiri akumaloko, anthu amtundu uliwonse amatha, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsa miyezo pawokha.Nthawi zonse funsani ndi oyang'anira ma code amdera lanu pazofunikira za dera lanu.
01. Dera la Firiji
Kwenikweni, firiji yamakono imafuna dera lodzipereka la 20-amp.Mutha kukhala ndi firiji yaying'ono yolumikizidwa mumayendedwe owunikira ambiri pakadali pano, koma pakukonzanso kwakukulu, ikani dera lodzipereka (120/125-volts) lafiriji.Padera lodzipatulira la 20-amp iyi, waya wa 12/2 non-metallic (NM) wokhala ndi nthaka adzafunika pa waya.
Derali nthawi zambiri silifuna chitetezo cha GFCI pokhapokha ngati chotuluka chili mkati mwa sinki ya 6 mapazi kapena chili mugalaja kapena chipinda chapansi, koma nthawi zambiri chimafunika chitetezo cha AFCI.
02. Range Circuit
Mitundu yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imafunikira dera lodzipereka la 240/250-volt, 50-amp.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mufunika kuyika chingwe cha 6/3 NM (kapena #6 THHN waya mu ngalande) kuti mudyetse zamitundu.Komabe, zimangofunika chotengera cha 120/125-volt kuti chithandizire kuwongolera ndi kutulutsa mpweya ngati ndi gawo la gasi.
Pakukonzanso kwakukulu, ndi lingaliro labwino kukhazikitsa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi, ngakhale simugwiritsa ntchito pano.M'tsogolomu, mungafune kusinthira kukhala magetsi, ndipo kukhala ndi derali kumakhala malo ogulitsa ngati mungagulitse nyumba yanu.Chonde kumbukirani kuti gulu lamagetsi liyenera kukankhira kumbuyo ku khoma, choncho ikani chotulukapo moyenerera.
Ngakhale mabwalo a 50-amp ndi ofanana pamagulu, mayunitsi ena angafunikire maulendo mpaka 60 amps, pamene timagulu tating'onoting'ono tingafunike maulendo ang'onoang'ono-40-amps kapena 30-amps.Komabe, kumanga nyumba zatsopano kumaphatikizapo mabwalo amtundu wa 50-amp, chifukwa awa ndi okwanira malo ambiri ophikira okhalamo.
Pamene chophikira ndi uvuni wapakhoma ndi mayunitsi osiyana m'makhichini, National Electrical Code nthawi zambiri imalola kuti mayunitsi onse aziyendetsedwa ndi dera lomwelo, malinga ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yophatikizidwayo sidutsa mphamvu yotetezeka ya dera limenelo.Komabe, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mabwalo a 2-, 30-, kapena 40- amp amayendetsedwa kuchokera pagawo lalikulu kuti apereke mphamvu iliyonse padera.
03. Malo otsuka mbale
Mukayika chotsukira mbale, dera liyenera kukhala lodzipereka la 120/125-volt, 15-amp amp.Dera la 15-amp limadyetsedwa ndi waya wa 14/2 NM wokhala ndi nthaka.Mutha kusankhanso kudyetsa chotsukira mbale ndi 20-amp circuit pogwiritsa ntchito waya wa 12/2 NM wokhala ndi nthaka.Chonde wonetsetsani kuti chingwe cha NM chatsika pang'onopang'ono kuti chotsukira mbale chikokedwe ndi kutumizidwa popanda kuchidula—wokonza zida zanu akuthokozeni.
Zindikirani: otsuka mbale amafunikira njira yolumikizira m'deralo kapena kutsekera kunja.Chofunikira ichi chimakwaniritsidwa ndi chingwe ndi pulagi kasinthidwe kapena kachipangizo kakang'ono kotsekera komwe kamayikidwa pa chophwanyira pagulu kuti zisagwedezeke.
Amagetsi ena amayatsa mawaya kukhitchini kotero kuti chotsukira mbale ndi kutaya zinyalala zimayendetsedwa ndi dera lomwelo, koma ngati izi zachitika, ziyenera kukhala 20-amp dera ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zida zonse ziwiri sikudutsa. 80 peresenti ya dera amperage rating.Muyenera kuyang'ana ndi oyang'anira ma code kuti muwone ngati izi ndizololedwa.
Zofunikira za GFCI ndi AFCI zimasiyana kuchokera kudera kupita kumadera.Kawirikawiri, dera limafuna chitetezo cha GFCI, koma ngati chitetezo cha AFCI chikufunika kapena ayi chidzadalira kutanthauzira kwanuko kwa code.
04. Dera Lotaya Zinyalala
Zotayira zinyalala zimagwira ntchito yoyeretsa zonyansa mukatha kudya.Akadzala ndi zinyalala, amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino pogaya zinyalalazo.Kutaya zinyalala kumafuna dera lodzipereka la 15-amp, lodyetsedwa ndi chingwe cha 14/2 NM chokhala ndi nthaka.Mukhozanso kusankha kudyetsa disposer ndi 20-amp circuit, pogwiritsa ntchito 12/2 NM waya ndi nthaka.Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene code yakomweko imalola kutaya kugawana dera ndi chotsukira mbale.Muyenera kuyang'ana ndi woyang'anira nyumba wapafupi kuti muwone ngati izi ndizololedwa m'dera lanu.
Madera osiyanasiyana atha kukhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna chitetezo cha GFCI ndi AFCI potaya zinyalala, kotero chonde funsani akuluakulu amdera lanu za izi.Kuphatikizira chitetezo cha AFCI ndi GFCI ndiyo njira yotetezeka kwambiri, koma chifukwa ma GFCI amatha "kuyenda modzidzimutsa" chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa magalimoto, katswiri wamagetsi nthawi zambiri amasiya ma GFCI pamagawo awa pomwe ma code amderalo amalola.Chitetezo cha AFCI chidzafunika chifukwa mabwalowa amayendetsedwa ndi chosinthira pakhoma ndipo zotayirazo zitha kukhala ndi waya kuti zitseke pakhoma.
05. Chigawo cha uvuni wa Microwave
Uvuni wa microwave umafunika 20-amp odzipereka, dera la 120/125-volt kuti lidyetse.Izi zidzafuna waya wa 12/2 NM wokhala ndi nthaka.Mavuni a Microwave amabwera m'mitundu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ena ndi zitsanzo zapakompyuta pomwe ma microwave ena amakwera pamwamba pa chitofu.
Ngakhale ndizofala kuwona mavuvuni a ma microwave atalumikizidwa m'malo opangira zida wamba, mavuni akulu akulu amatha kujambula ma Watts 1500 motero amafunikira mabwalo awo odzipereka.
Derali silifuna chitetezo cha GFCI m'malo ambiri, koma nthawi zina chimafunika pomwe chipangizocho chimalumikiza polowera.Chitetezo cha AFCI nthawi zambiri chimafunikira pagawoli popeza chipangizocho chimalumikizidwa ndi chotuluka.Komabe, ma microwave amathandizira kunyamula katundu wa phantom, ndiye kuti mungaganizire kuwamasula ngati sakugwiritsidwa ntchito.
06. Dera Lounikira
Ndithudi, khitchini sikanakhala yangwiro popanda dera lounikira kuti liwunikire malo ophikira.Dera limodzi lodzipatulira la 15-amp, 120/125-volt likufunika kuti lithe kuyatsa kukhitchini, monga zopangira denga, magetsi a canister, magetsi apansi pa kabati, ndi nyali zowunikira.
Magetsi aliwonse ayenera kukhala ndi chosinthira chake kuti muzitha kuwongolera kuyatsa.Mungafune kuwonjezera zowonjeza padenga kapena mwina banki yamagetsi amagetsi m'tsogolomu.Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kukhazikitsa dera la 20-amp kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuyatsa, ngakhale code imangofunika 15-amp circuit.
M'madera ambiri, dera lomwe limapereka zowunikira zokha silifuna chitetezo cha GFCI, koma lingafunike ngati chosinthira khoma chili pafupi ndi sinki.Chitetezo cha AFCI nthawi zambiri chimafunika pamabwalo onse owunikira.
07. Magawo Ang'onoang'ono Amagetsi
Mufunika mabwalo awiri odzipatulira a 20-amp, 120/125-volt pamwamba pa kauntala yanu kuti muthe kunyamula zida zanu zazing'ono, kuphatikiza zida monga toaster, ma griddle amagetsi, mapoto a khofi, zosakaniza ndi zina. Magawo awiri amafunikira ndi code. ;mutha kukhazikitsanso zambiri ngati zosowa zanu zimafuna.
Chonde yesani kulingalira komwe mudzayika zida zamagetsi pakompyuta yanu pokonzekera mabwalo ndi komwe kuli malo ogulitsira.Ngati mukukayika, onjezani maulendo owonjezera amtsogolo.
Ma circuit powering plug-in receptacles omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapa countertop ayeneranthawi zonsekhalani ndi chitetezo cha GFCI ndi AFCI kuti muganizire zachitetezo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-01-2023