Kumvetsetsa Zolakwa za Arc ndi Chitetezo cha AFCI

Mawu oti "arc fault" amatanthauza nthawi yomwe mawaya otayira kapena owonongeka amapanga kulumikizana kwakanthawi kuti kupangitse mphamvu yamagetsi kuti iyambike kapena kuzungulira pakati pa malo olumikizirana ndi zitsulo.Mukumva phokoso mukamva chosinthira chowunikira kapena chotulutsa chikulira kapena kulira.Arcing iyi imatanthawuza kutentha ndipo imapereka choyambitsa moto wamagetsi, izi zimasokoneza mawaya omwe amayendetsa mawaya.Kumva phokoso la kusintha sikutanthauza kuti moto wayandikira, koma zikutanthauza kuti pali ngozi yomwe iyenera kuthetsedwa.

Arc Fault vs. Ground Fault vs. Short Circuit

Mawu akuti arc fault, ground fault, and short-circuit nthawi zina amachititsa chisokonezo, koma amakhala ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense amafuna njira yosiyana yopewera.

• Kuwonongeka kwa arc, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kumachitika pamene mawaya osasunthika kapena mawaya ochita dzimbiri ayambitsa kuwomba kapena kuwotcha, kungayambitse kutentha ndi kuthekera kwa moto wamagetsi.Itha kukhala kalambulabwalo wa kagawo kakang'ono kapena cholakwika chapansi, koma mkati mwake, vuto la arc silingatseke GFCI kapena wozungulira dera.Njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku zolakwika za arc ndi AFCI (arc-fault circuit interrupter) - kaya ndi AFCI kapena AFCI circuit breaker.Ma AFCI amapangidwa kuti ateteze (kuteteza) kuopsa kwa moto.
• Kulakwitsa kwapansi kumatanthawuza mtundu wina wafupikitsa wafupipafupi momwe mphamvu "yotentha" yamagetsi imapangitsa kuti igwirizane ndi nthaka mwangozi.Nthawi zina, vuto lapansi limatchedwa "chidule chapansi".Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya maulendo afupikitsa, mawaya ozungulira amalephera kukana pakawonongeka kwa nthaka, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda mopanda malire omwe amayenera kuchititsa kuti wodutsa dera ayende.Komabe, wowononga dera sangathe kugwira ntchito mofulumira kuti ateteze kugwedezeka, Code yamagetsi imafuna zipangizo zapadera zotetezera pazifukwa izi, chifukwa chake GFCIs (zosokoneza dera lapansi) ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo omwe zolakwika zapansi zimatha kuchitika, monga malo ogulitsira pafupi ndi mapaipi amadzimadzi kapena malo akunja.Amatha kutseka mayendedwe ngakhale kugwedezeka kusanamveke chifukwa zida izi zimazindikira mphamvu ikusintha mwachangu kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, ma GFCI ndi chida chachitetezo chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chizitchinjirizamantha.
• Dongosolo lalifupi limatanthawuza nthawi iliyonse yomwe mphamvu "yotentha" imasokera kunja kwa mawaya okhazikitsidwa ndikulumikizana ndi njira yolumikizira ndale kapena njira yoyambira.Kuthamanga kwamakono kumataya kukana kwake ndipo mwadzidzidzi kumawonjezeka mu voliyumu pamene izi zikuchitika.Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kupitirire kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya woyendetsa dera yomwe imayendetsa dera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenda kuti ziyimitse kuyenda kwamakono.

Mbiri Yakale ya Arc Fault Protection

NEC (National Electrical Code) imakonzanso kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse, pang'onopang'ono ikuwonjezera zofunikira zake pachitetezo cha arc-fault pamabwalo.

Kodi Arc-Fault Protection ndi chiyani?

Mawu oti "arc-fault protection" amatanthauza chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chizitchinjiriza kuti zisalumikizane ndi zolakwika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafunde, kapena kuwotchera.Chida chodziwira chimazindikira arc yamagetsi ndikuphwanya dera kuti chiteteze moto wamagetsi.Zida zoteteza arc-fault zimateteza anthu ku ngozi ndipo ndizofunikira pachitetezo chamoto.

Mu 1999, Code idayamba kufuna chitetezo cha AFCI m'mabwalo onse odyetsera zipinda zogona, ndipo kuyambira chaka cha 2014 kupita mtsogolo, pafupifupi mabwalo onse omwe amapereka malo ogulitsira amayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha AFCI pakumanga kwatsopano kapena kukonzanso ntchito.

Pofika ku kope la 2017 la NEC, mawu a Gawo 210.12 akuti:

Zonse120-volt, single-phase, 15- ndi 20-ampere nthambi yopereka malo ogulitsira kapena zida zoyikidwa m'makhitchini okhalamo, zipinda za mabanja, zipinda zodyeramo, zipinda zogona, zipinda, malaibulale, mapanga, zipinda zogona, zipinda za dzuwa, zipinda zosangalatsa, zogona, makhoseji, malo ochapira, kapena zipinda zofananira kapena malo azitetezedwa ndi ma AFCI.

Nthawi zambiri, mabwalo amalandila chitetezo cha AFCI pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za AFCI zomwe zimateteza malo onse ndi zida zozungulira, koma ngati izi sizothandiza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogulitsira a AFCI ngati njira zosungira.

Kutetezedwa kwa AFCI sikofunikira pakuyika komwe kulipo, koma komwe dera likuwonjezedwa kapena kusinthidwa pakukonzanso, liyenera kulandira chitetezo cha AFCI.Chifukwa chake, katswiri wamagetsi yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakina anu ali ndi udindo wokonzanso dera ndi chitetezo cha AFCI monga gawo la ntchito iliyonse yomwe amachita pamenepo.Mwachidziwitso, zikutanthawuza kuti pafupifupi zosintha zonse zowonongeka tsopano zidzapangidwa ndi ophwanya AFCI m'madera aliwonse kuti atsatire NEC (National Electrical Code).

Sikuti madera onse amatsatira NEC, komabe, chonde funsani maboma amderali kuti mumve zokhuza chitetezo cha AFCI.