Iimfuno zeKhowudi yoMbane kumagumbi

Iikhowudi zombane zenzelwe ukukhusela abanini bezindlu kunye nabahlali bamakhaya.Le mithetho esisiseko iya kukunika iikhonsepthi zeziphi abahloli bombane abajongana nazo xa bephonononga zombini iiprojekthi zohlengahlengiso kunye nofakelo olutsha.Uninzi lweekhowudi zendawo zisekelwe kwiKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC), uxwebhu olubeka izenzo ezifunekayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zokuhlala kunye nesicelo sombane sorhwebo.I-NEC idla ngokuhlaziywa yonke iminyaka emithathu-2014, 2017 njalo njalo-kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiKhowudi.Nceda uqinisekise ukuba imithombo yakho yolwazi isoloko isekwe kweyona Khowudi yakutsha nje.Iimfuno zekhowudi ezidweliswe apha zisekelwe kwinguqulo ye-2017.

Uninzi lweekhowudi zasekhaya zilandela i-NEC, kodwa kunokubakho umahluko.Ikhowudi yendawo isoloko inandipha ingqwalaselo ephambili ngaphezu kwe-NEC xa kukho ukungafani, ngoko ke nceda uqiniseke ukuba ukhangele isebe lokwakha lendawo yakho kwiimfuno zekhowudi ezithile kwimeko yakho.

Uninzi lwe-NEC lubandakanya iimfuno zokufakelwa kombane ngokubanzi ezisebenza kuzo zonke iimeko, nangona kunjalo, kukho iimfuno ezithile zamagumbi ngamanye.

Iikhowudi zoMbane?

Iikhowudi zombane ziyimigaqo okanye imithetho echaza ukuba iingcingo zombane ziya kufakwa njani kwiindawo zokuhlala.Zisetyenziselwa ukhuseleko kwaye zinokuhluka kumagumbi ahlukeneyo.Ngokucacileyo, iikhowudi zombane zilandela iKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC), kodwa iikhowudi zendawo kufuneka zilandelwe kuqala kwaye ziphambili.

Ikhitshi

Ikhitshi lisebenzisa owona mbane mkhulu xa kuthelekiswa nawo nawaphi na amagumbi endlu.Malunga neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlulileyo, ikhitshi isenokuba yasetyenziswa yisekethe yombane enye, kodwa ngoku, ikhitshi esanda kufakwa enezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ifuna ubuncinci iisekethe ezisixhenxe nangaphezulu.

• Amakhitshi ubuncinane kufuneka abe neesekethe ezimbini ze-20-amp 120-volt ”isixhobo esincinci” ezibonelela ngezixhobo kwiindawo zetafile.Ezi zixhobo zeplug-in eziphathekayo.
• Uluhlu lombane / i-oven ifuna isekethe yayo ezinikeleyo eyi-120/240-volt.
• Umatshini wokuhlamba izitya kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma zombini zifuna iisekethe zazo ezizinikeleyo eziyi-120-volt.Ezi zinokuba yi-15-amp okanye i-20-amp circuits, kuxhomekeke kumthwalo wombane wesixhobo (jonga iingcebiso zomenzi; ngokuqhelekileyo i-15-amps yanele).Isekethe yokucoca i-dishwasher ifuna ukukhuselwa kwe-GFCI, kodwa isekethe yokulahla inkunkuma ayifuni-ngaphandle kokuba umenzi uyayichaza.
• Ifriji kunye ne-microwave nganye ifuna iisekethe zayo ezizinikeleyo eziyi-120-volt.I-amperage rating kufuneka ifaneleke kumthwalo wombane wesixhobo;ezi kufuneka 20-amp iisekethe.
• Zonke izixhobo ze-countertop kunye nasiphi na isixhobo esingaphakathi kweenyawo ezi-6 zesinki kufuneka ikhuselwe yi-GFCI.Izixhobo ze-countertop kufuneka zingabi ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-4 ngaphandle.
• Ukukhanyisa ekhitshini kufuneka kubonelelwe ngesekethe eyahlukileyo ye-15-amp (ubuncinci).

Amagumbi okuhlambela

Amagumbi okuhlambela angoku aneemfuno ezichazwe ngononophelo kakhulu ngenxa yobukho bamanzi.Ngezibane zazo, iifeni ze-vent, kunye neendawo ezinokuthi zisebenzise izixhobo zokomisa iinwele kunye nezinye izixhobo, amagumbi okuhlambela asebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye anokufuna ngaphezulu kwesekethe enye.

• Izixhobo zokuphumayo kufuneka zihanjiswe yisekethe ye-20-amp.Isekethe efanayo inokubonelela ngegumbi lokuhlambela lonke (iindawo zokuhlambela kunye nokukhanya), ngaphandle kokuba akukho zifudumezi (kubandakanywa neefeni ze-vent ezinezifudumezi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi) kwaye isekethe isebenza kuphela igumbi lokuhlambela elinye kwaye akukho ezinye iindawo.Kungenjalo, kufuneka kubekho isekethe ye-20-amp yezixhobo zokwamkela kuphela, kunye nesekethe ye-15- okanye i-20-amp yokukhanyisa.
• Iifeni ze-vent ezinezifudumezi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kufuneka zibe kwiisekethe zazo ezizinikeleyo ezingama-20-amp.
• Zonke izixhobo zombane kumagumbi okuhlambela kufuneka zibe ne-ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) ukuze zikhuseleke.
• Igumbi lokuhlambela lifuna ubuncinci into enye eyi-120-volt ngaphakathi kweenyawo ezi-3 kumphetho ongaphandle wesitya ngasinye.Iisinki zeDuel zinokuhanjiswa ngesixhobo esinye esibekwe phakathi kwazo.
• Izibane zokukhanya kwishawari okanye kwindawo yokuhlambela kufuneka zilinganiswe iindawo ezifumileyo ngaphandle kokuba ziphantsi kwesitshizi seshawara, apho ke kufuneka zilinganiswe iindawo ezimanzi.

Igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokutyela kunye negumbi lokuhlambela

Iindawo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ngabasebenzisi bamandla abathozamileyo, kodwa babonise ngokucacileyo iimfuno zombane.Ezi ndawo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ziisekethe ezisemgangathweni eziyi-120-volt 15-amp okanye ezingama-20-amp ezinokusebenza kungekuphela nje igumbi elinye.

• La magumbi afuna ukuba isitshixo sodonga sibekwe ecaleni kocango lokungena lwegumbi ukuze ukwazi ukukhanyisa igumbi xa ungena kulo.Olu tshintsho lunokulawula nokuba kukukhanya kwesilingi, isibane sodonga, okanye isixhobo sokuplaga isibane.Indawo yesilingi kufuneka ilawulwe sisitshixo eludongeni endaweni yekhonkco lokutsala.
• Izikhongozelo zaseludongeni zinokubekwa ngaphandle komgama oziimitha ezili-12 ukusuka komnye umphezulu wodonga.Naliphi na icandelo eludongeni elingaphezulu kweenyawo ezi-2 kufuneka libe nesitya.
• Amagumbi okutyela adla ngokufuna isekethe ye-20-amp eyahlukileyo kwindawo enye esetyenziselwa i-microwave, iziko lokuzonwabisa, okanye i-air conditioner yefestile.

Izinyuko

Ulumkiso olukhethekileyo luyafuneka kwizitepsi zokuqinisekisa ukuba onke amanyathelo akhanyiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe amathuba okusilela nokunciphisa ingozi ebangelwayo.

• Iiswitshi zendlela-ntathu ziyafuneka phezulu nasezantsi kwinqwelomoya nganye yezitebhisi ukuze izibane zikwazi ukuvulwa zicinywe kuzo zombini iziphelo.
• Ukuba izitebhisi zijika kwindawo yokumisa, unokufuna ukongeza izibane ezongezelelweyo zokukhanyisa ukuze uqiniseke ukuba zonke iindawo zikhanyisiwe.

Iiholo

Iindawo zepaseji zinokude kwaye zidinga ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwesilingi.Qinisekisa ukuba ubeke izibane ezaneleyo ukuze izithunzi zingaphoswa xa uhamba.Gcina ukhumbula iipaseji zihlala zisebenza njengeendlela zokubaleka xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

• Ipaseji engaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-10 ubude iyafuneka ukuze kubekho indawo yokuphuma ukuze isetyenziswe ngenjongo ngokubanzi.
• Ukutshintsha kweendlela ezintathu kuyafuneka ekupheleni kwepaseji nganye, ukuvumela ukukhanya kwesilingi ukuba kuvulwe kwaye kucinywe kuzo zombini iziphelo.
• Ukuba kukho iingcango ezininzi ezisetyenziswa yipaseji, njengegumbi lokulala okanye ezimbini, mhlawumbi ufuna ukongeza utshintshi oluneendlela ezine kufuphi nomnyango ngaphandle kwegumbi ngalinye.

Iimpahla

Ii-closets kufuneka zilandele imithetho emininzi malunga nohlobo lwe-fixture kunye nokubekwa.

• Ulutyalo oluneebhalbhu zokukhanyisa ezikhanyayo (ezidla ngokuba shushu kakhulu) kufuneka zifakwe iglowubhu okanye igqumathelo kwaye azinakufakelwa phakathi kwee-intshi ezili-12 kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokugcina impahla (okanye ii-intshi ezi-6 kwizixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo).
• Ukulungiswa okuneebhalbhu ze-LED kufuneka ubuncinane zibe yi-intshi ezili-12 kude neendawo zokugcina (okanye ii-intshi ezi-6 zokuhla).
• Ukulungiswa kwebhalbhu ezine-CFL (compact fluorescent) zinokubekwa phakathi kwee-intshi ezi-6 zendawo yokugcina.
• Zonke izinto ezixhonywe phezulu (zingaphoswanga) kufuneka zibe phezu kwesilingi okanye eludongeni ngaphezu kocango.

Igumbi lokuvasa Impahla

Iimfuno zombane zegumbi lokuhlambela iimpahla ziya kuhluka, kuxhomekeke ekubeni i-dryer yempahla ingumbane okanye igesi.

• Igumbi lokuhlambela impahla lifuna ubuncinci isekethe ye-amp eyi-20 yezixhobo zokuhlambela iimpahla;le sekethe inokubonelela ngewasha yeempahla okanye isomisi segesi.
• Isomisi sombane sidinga eyakhe i-30-amp, i-240-volt yesekethe yesekethe enee-conductor ezine (iisekethe ezindala zihlala zinee-conductor ezintathu).
• Zonke izixhobo kufuneka zikhuselwe yi-GFCI.

igaraji

Ukususela kwi-NEC ye-2017, iigaraji ezisanda kwakhiwa zidinga ubuncinane isekethe enye ezinikeleyo ye-120-volt 20-amp ukuze isebenze igaraji kuphela.Le sekethi inokuba nezixhobo zombane ezixhonywe kumphandle wegaraji ngokunjalo.

• Ngaphakathi kwegaraji, kufuneka kubekho ubuncinane into enye yokulawula ukukhanya.Kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe iindlela ezintathu zokutshintsha ukuze kube lula phakathi kweengcango.
• Iigaraji kufuneka zibe nesitya esinye ubuncinane, kuquka nesithuba semoto nganye.
• Zonke izixhobo zegaraji kufuneka zikhuselwe yi-GFCI.

IiMfuno ezongezelelweyo

Iimfuno ze-AFCI.I-NEC ifuna ukuba phantse zonke iisekethe zesebe zokukhanyisa kunye nezixhobo kwikhaya kufuneka zibe nokhuseleko lwe-arc-fault circuit-interrupter (AFCI).Olu luhlobo lokhuseleko olukhusela kwi-sparking (i-arcing) kwaye ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa amathuba omlilo.Qaphela ukuba imfuno ye-AFCI yongezwa kulo naluphi na ukhuseleko lwe-GFCI olufunekayo-i-AFCI ayithathi ndawo okanye ishenxise imfuno yokhuseleko lwe-GFCI.

Iimfuno ze-AFCI zinyanzeliswa ikakhulu kulwakhiwo olutsha-akukho mfuneko yokuba inkqubo ekhoyo kufuneka ihlaziywe ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ze-AFCI zolwakhiwo olutsha.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kuhlaziyo lwe-NEC ye-2017, xa abanini bezindlu okanye oombane behlaziya okanye batshintshe izixhobo ezisilelayo okanye ezinye izixhobo, kufuneka bongeze ukukhuselwa kwe-AFCI kuloo ndawo.Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

• I-breaker circuit breaker inokutshintshwa kunye ne-AFCI ekhethekileyo yesiphaluka.Lo ngumsebenzi wosombane onelayisensi.Ukwenza njalo kuya kudala ukukhuselwa kwe-AFCI kuyo yonke isiphaluka.
• Isixhobo sokwamkela esisilelayo sinokutshintshwa endaweni ye-AFCI.Oku kuya kubonelela ngokhuseleko lwe-AFCI kuphela kwisixhobo esitshintshwayo.
• Apho ukhuseleko lwe-GFCI lukwafuneka khona (njengamakhitshi kunye namagumbi okuhlambela), isikhongozelo sinokutshintshwa endaweni yesitya se-AFCI/GFCI.

Izixhobo ezixhathisayo kwi-tamper.Zonke izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zibe luhlobo olunganyangekiyo (i-TR).Oku kuyilwe ngokhuseleko olwakhelwe ngaphakathi oluthintela abantwana ekuncamatheleni izinto kwiindawo zokubeka.