Zofunikira Zamagetsi Pazipinda

Makhodi amagetsi amapangidwa kuti ateteze eni nyumba ndi okhala mnyumba.Malamulo ofunikirawa adzakupatsani malingaliro a zomwe oyendera magetsi akuyang'ana akamawunika ma projekiti onse okonzanso ndi kukhazikitsa kwatsopano.Ma code ambiri am'deralo amachokera ku National Electrical Code (NEC), chikalata chomwe chimayika machitidwe ofunikira pazinthu zonse zamagetsi okhala ndi nyumba komanso malonda.NEC nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse-2014, 2017 ndi zina zotero-ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala kusintha kwakukulu kwa Code.Chonde onetsetsani kuti magwero anu azidziwitso nthawi zonse amakhala ogwirizana ndi Khodi yaposachedwa kwambiri.Zofunikira zama code zomwe zalembedwa apa zimachokera ku mtundu wa 2017.

Ma code ambiri am'deralo akutsatira NEC, koma pangakhale kusiyana.Khodi yakwanuko nthawi zonse imakhala yofunika kwambiri kuposa NEC pakakhala kusiyana, chifukwa chake chonde onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dipatimenti yomanga kwanuko kuti muwone zomwe mukufuna pazochitika zanu.

Ambiri a NEC amakhudza zofunikira pakuyika magetsi wamba zomwe zimagwira ntchito zonse, komabe, palinso zofunikira pazipinda zapagulu.

Ma Code Amagetsi?

Makhodi amagetsi ndi malamulo kapena malamulo omwe amalamula momwe mawaya amagetsi aziyikidwira mnyumba zogona.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitetezo ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana.Mwachiwonekere, ma code amagetsi amatsatira National Electrical Code (NEC), koma zizindikiro zakomweko ziyenera kutsatiridwa poyamba.

Khitchini

Khitchini imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri poyerekeza ndi zipinda zilizonse za m'nyumba.Pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, khitchini ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dera limodzi lamagetsi, koma tsopano, khitchini yatsopano yokhala ndi zipangizo zamakono imafuna maulendo asanu ndi awiri ndi zina zambiri.

• Makhitchini ayenera kukhala ndi mabwalo osachepera awiri a 20-amp 120-volt "zida zing'onozing'ono" zomwe zimatumizira zotengera m'malo a countertop.Izi ndi za zida zonyamulika za pulagi.
• Magawo amagetsi / uvuni amafunikira dera lake lodzipereka la 120/240-volt.
• Chotsukira mbale ndi kutaya zinyalala zonse zimafuna mabwalo awo odzipereka a 120-volt.Izi zikhoza kukhala 15-amp kapena 20-amp circuits, kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi ya chipangizocho (onani malingaliro a wopanga; nthawi zambiri 15-amps ndi yokwanira).Dera lotsuka mbale limafunikira chitetezo cha GFCI, koma dera lotayira zinyalala silitero-kupatula ngati wopanga atanena.
• Firiji ndi microwave aliyense amafuna mabwalo awo odzipereka a 120-volt.Mlingo wa amperage uyenera kukhala wolingana ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi kwa chipangizocho;awa ayenera kukhala 20-amp ma circuit.
• Zotengera zonse zapa countertop ndi chotengera chilichonse mkati mwa 6 mapazi a sinki ziyenera kukhala zotetezedwa ndi GFCI.Zotengera zapa countertop siziyenera kukhala motalikirana kuposa mapazi 4.
• Kuyatsa kukhitchini kuyenera kuperekedwa ndi dera lapadera la 15-amp (ocheperako).

Zipinda zosambira

Zimbudzi zamakono zili ndi zofunikira zomwe zimafotokozedwa mosamala kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa madzi.Ndi magetsi awo, mafani olowera mpweya, ndi malo opangira magetsi owumitsira tsitsi ndi zida zina, mabafa amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo angafunike madera angapo.

• Zotengera zotuluka ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi 20-amp circuit.Dera lomwelo limatha kupereka bafa lonse (malo ogulitsira kuphatikiza kuunikira), pokhapokha ngati palibe zotenthetsera (kuphatikiza mafani otulutsa mpweya okhala ndi ma heaters omangidwa) ndipo ngati dera limangokhala ndi bafa limodzi lokha komanso malo ena.Kapenanso, payenera kukhala dera la 20-amp pazotengera zokha, kuphatikiza dera la 15- kapena 20-amp pakuwunikira.
• Mafani a Vent okhala ndi zotenthetsera zomangidwira ayenera kukhala pawokha mabwalo odzipatulira a 20-amp.
• Zotengera zonse zamagetsi m'zipinda zosambira ziyenera kukhala ndi zotsekera pansi (GFCI) kuti zitetezedwe.
• Bafa imafuna chotengera chimodzi cha 120-volt mkati mwa mapazi atatu kuchokera m'mphepete mwa beseni lililonse.Masinki a Duel amatha kutumizidwa ndi chotengera chimodzi chomwe chili pakati pawo.
• Zowunikira mu shawa kapena malo osambira ziyenera kuvoteredwa ngati malo achinyezi pokhapokha ngati zili ndi utsi wa shawa, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuvotera malo amvula.

Pabalaza, Chipinda Chodyera, ndi Zipinda Zogona

Malo okhalamo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, koma awonetsa zofunikira zamagetsi.Maderawa nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi 120-volt 15-amp kapena 20-amp mabwalo omwe sangagwire chipinda chimodzi chokha.

• Zipindazi zimafuna kuti chosinthira khoma chizikidwe pafupi ndi khomo lolowera mchipindacho kuti mutha kuyatsa chipindacho mukalowa.Kusinthaku kumatha kuwongolera nyali yapadenga, kuwala kwapakhoma, kapena chotengera cholumikizira nyali.Kuyika padenga kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi chosinthira khoma osati tcheni chokokera.
• Zotengera zapakhoma zitha kuyikidwa patali kuposa mapazi 12 pakhoma lililonse.Chigawo chilichonse cha khoma chokulirapo kuposa mapazi 2 chiyenera kukhala ndi chotengera.
• Zipinda zodyeramo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira chigawo chapadera cha 20-amp kwa chotengera chimodzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati microwave, malo osangalalira, kapena ma air conditioner.

Makwerero

Kusamala kwapadera kumafunika pamakwerero kuti muwonetsetse kuti masitepe onse akuyatsidwa bwino kuti achepetse kuthekera kwa kulephera ndikuchepetsa kuopsa komwe kumayambitsa.

• Masiwichi anjira zitatu amafunikira pamwamba ndi pansi pa masitepe aliwonse kuti magetsi azitha kuyatsidwa ndikuzimitsa mbali zonse ziwiri.
• Ngati masitepe atembenuka potera, mungafunikire kuwonjezera zowunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti madera onse akuwunikira.

Misewu

Madera a makoleji amatha kukhala aatali ndipo amafunikira kuyatsa kokwanira padenga.Onetsetsani kuti mwayika kuwala kokwanira kuti mithunzi isagwe pamene mukuyenda.Kumbukirani kuti misewu nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati njira yopulumukira pakachitika ngozi.

• Njira yopita kunjira yopitilira 10 m'litali ikufunika kuti mukhale ndi potuluka kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
• Ma switch anjira zitatu amafunikira kumapeto kwa msewu uliwonse, kulola kuti kuwala kwapadenga kuyatse ndikuzimitsa mbali zonse ziwiri.
• Ngati pali zitseko zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kanjira, monga chipinda chogona kapena ziwiri, mwinamwake mukufuna kuwonjezera zosinthira zinayi pafupi ndi khomo kunja kwa chipinda chilichonse.

Zovala

Zovala ziyenera kutsata malamulo ambiri okhudzana ndi mtundu wa kamangidwe ndi kakhazikitsidwe.

• Zokonza zokhala ndi mababu a incandescent (nthawi zambiri zimatentha kwambiri) ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi globe kapena chivundikiro ndipo sizingayikidwe mkati mwa mainchesi 12 a malo osungiramo zovala (kapena mainchesi 6 pazowonjezera).
• Zokonza zokhala ndi mababu a LED ziyenera kukhala zosachepera mainchesi 12 kutali ndi malo osungira (kapena mainchesi 6 kuti atseke).
• Zokonza zokhala ndi mababu a CFL (compact fulorescent) zitha kuyikidwa mkati mwa mainchesi 6 a malo osungira.
• Zokonza zonse zokwera pamwamba (osati zowonongeka) ziyenera kukhala padenga kapena khoma pamwamba pa chitseko.

Malo Ochapira

Zosowa zamagetsi za chipinda chochapa zovala zidzakhala zosiyana, zimatengera ngati chowumitsira zovala ndi magetsi kapena gasi.

• Chipinda chochapira chimafunika chigawo chimodzi cha 20-amp chotengera zida zochapira;dera ili limatha kupereka chochapira zovala kapena chowumitsira gasi.
• Chowumitsira magetsi chimafunika 30-amp, 240-volt dera lokhala ndi ma conductor anayi (mabwalo akale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma conductor atatu).
• Zotengera zonse ziyenera kukhala zotetezedwa ndi GFCI.

Garage

Pofika mu NEC ya 2017, magalasi omangidwa kumene amafunikira dera limodzi lodzipereka la 120-volt 20-amp kuti agwiritse ntchito garaja yokha.Dera ili mwina zotengera mphamvu zoyikidwa kunja kwa garaja.

• Mkati mwa garaja, payenera kukhala chosinthira chimodzi chowongolera kuwala.Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa masiwichi anjira zitatu kuti zikhale zosavuta pakati pa zitseko.
• Magalasi ayenera kukhala ndi chotengera chimodzi, kuphatikiza chimodzi cha malo aliwonse agalimoto.
• Zotengera zonse za garage ziyenera kukhala zotetezedwa ndi GFCI.

Zowonjezera Zofunikira

Zofunikira za AFCI.NEC imafuna kuti pafupifupi mabwalo onse anthambi owunikira ndi zotengera m'nyumba ayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha arc-fault circuit-interrupter (AFCI).Uwu ndi mtundu wachitetezo womwe umateteza kuti usawopseze (arcing) ndipo potero umachepetsa mwayi wamoto.Dziwani kuti zofunikira za AFCI ndizowonjezera pa chitetezo chilichonse cha GFCI chomwe chikufunika - AFCI sichilowa m'malo kapena kuthetsa kufunika kwa chitetezo cha GFCI.

Zofunikira za AFCI zimakhazikitsidwa makamaka pakumanga kwatsopano-palibe chofunikira kuti dongosolo lomwe lilipo lisinthidwe kuti ligwirizane ndi zomanga zatsopano za AFCI.Komabe, pofika kukonzanso kwa NEC ya 2017, eni nyumba kapena magetsi akasintha kapena kusintha zida zolephera kapena zida zina, amayenera kuwonjezera chitetezo cha AFCI pamalopo.Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo:

• Wophwanyira wamba wokhazikika amatha kusinthidwa ndi chowotcha chapadera cha AFCI.Iyi ndi ntchito ya katswiri wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo.Kuchita izi kudzapanga chitetezo cha AFCI kudera lonse.
• Chotengera cholephera chingasinthidwe ndi cholandirira cha AFCI.Izi zidzapereka chitetezo cha AFCI pachotengera chokha chomwe chikusinthidwa.
• Kumene chitetezo cha GFCI chimafunikanso (monga khitchini ndi mabafa), chotengera chitha kusinthidwa ndi chotengera cha AFCI/GFCI chapawiri.

Tamper resistant zotengera.Zotengera zonse ziyenera kukhala zamtundu wa tamper-resistant (TR).Izi zidapangidwa ndi chitetezo chokhazikika chomwe chimalepheretsa ana kumamatira zinthu m'mipata yolandirira.