Amashanyarazi asabwa ibyumba

Kode y'amashanyarazi igenewe kurinda ba nyiri amazu ndetse nabatuye amazu.Aya mategeko shingiro azaguha ibitekerezo byibyo abagenzuzi b’amashanyarazi bashaka iyo basuzumye imishinga ivugurura ndetse nuburyo bushya.Kode nyinshi zaho zishingiye kumategeko yigihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC), inyandiko igaragaza imikorere isabwa muburyo bwose bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi atuye nubucuruzi.Ubusanzwe NEC isubirwamo buri myaka itatu - 2014, 2017 nibindi - kandi rimwe na rimwe hari impinduka zikomeye kuri Code.Nyamuneka reba neza ko amasoko yawe yamakuru ahora ashingiye kuri Code iheruka.Ibisabwa kode yanditse hano bishingiye kuri verisiyo ya 2017.

Kode nyinshi zaho zikurikira NEC, ariko harashobora kubaho itandukaniro.Kode yaho ihora yishimira cyane kuruta NEC mugihe hari itandukaniro, nyamuneka nyamuneka urebe neza niba ugenzura nishami ryubwubatsi ryibanze kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byihariye bya kode yawe.

Byinshi muri NEC bikubiyemo ibisabwa mugushiraho amashanyarazi rusange akoreshwa mubihe byose, nyamara, hari nibisabwa byihariye mubyumba byihariye.

Kode y'amashanyarazi?

Amashanyarazi ni amategeko cyangwa amategeko ateganya uburyo insinga z'amashanyarazi zizashyirwa mumazu.Zikoreshwa mumutekano kandi zirashobora gutandukana mubyumba bitandukanye.Ikigaragara ni uko kodegisi yamashanyarazi ikurikiza amategeko yigihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC), ariko code zaho zigomba gukurikizwa mbere na mbere.

Igikoni

Igikoni gikoresha amashanyarazi menshi ugereranije nibyumba byose byo munzu.Hashize imyaka igera kuri mirongo itanu, igikoni gishobora kuba cyatanzwe numuzunguruko umwe w'amashanyarazi, ariko ubu, igikoni gishya gishyizwemo nibikoresho bisanzwe bisaba byibura imirongo irindwi ndetse nibindi byinshi.

• Igikoni kigomba kugira byibuze imirongo ibiri 20-amp 120-volt "ibikoresho bito" byifashisha ibyakirwa mubice bya kaburimbo.Ibi nibishobora kwinjizwamo ibikoresho.
• Umuyagankuba / ifuru bisaba umuzunguruko wihariye 120/240-volt.
• Gukaraba ibikoresho hamwe no guta imyanda byombi bisaba imiyoboro yabigenewe 120-volt.Ibi birashobora kuba imiyoboro 15-amp cyangwa 20-amp, bitewe nuburemere bwamashanyarazi yibikoresho (reba ibyifuzo byuwabikoze; mubisanzwe 15-amps birahagije).Umuzunguruko wogeje ibikoresho bisaba gukingirwa na GFCI, ariko umuzunguruko wimyanda ntabwo - keretse uwabikoze abiteganya.
• Firigo na microwave buri kimwe gisaba imiyoboro yihariye ya volt 120.Igipimo cya amperage kigomba kuba gikwiranye nu mutwaro wamashanyarazi wibikoresho;ibi bigomba kuba 20-amp.
• Ibyakirwa byose bya konttop hamwe nibishobora kwakirwa muri metero 6 zumwobo bigomba kuba birinzwe na GFCI.Ibyakirwa bya konttop bigomba gushyirwaho bitarenze metero 4 zitandukanye.
• Amatara yo mu gikoni agomba gutangwa numuzunguruko wa 15-amp (ntarengwa).

Ubwiherero

Ubwiherero bwa none bwasobanuwe neza ibisabwa kubera ko hari amazi.Hamwe n'amatara yabo, abafana ba enterineti, hamwe nibisohoka bishobora guha ingufu imisatsi nibindi bikoresho, ubwiherero bukoresha imbaraga nyinshi kandi bushobora gukenera inzitizi zirenze imwe.

• Ibyakirwa byinjira bigomba gutangwa numuzunguruko wa amp 20.Umuzunguruko umwe urashobora gutanga ubwiherero bwose (outlet wongeyeho amatara), mugihe nta bushyuhe (harimo nabafana ba vent bafite ibyuma byubatswe) kandi bigatanga umuzunguruko ukorera ubwiherero bumwe gusa kandi ntakindi gice.Ubundi, hagomba kubaho umuzunguruko wa 20-amp kuri reseptacles gusa, hiyongereyeho 15- cyangwa 20-amp kumurika.
• Abafana ba Vent hamwe nubushyuhe bwubatswe bagomba kuba kumurongo wabo wihariye 20-amp.
• Ibyuma byose byakira amashanyarazi mubwiherero bigomba kuba bifite amakosa-yumuzunguruko (GFCI) kugirango urinde.
• Ubwiherero busaba nibura resept imwe ya volt 120 muri metero 3 zuruhande rwinyuma rwa buri kibase.Ibyombo bya peteroli birashobora gutangwa na reseptacle imwe ihagaze hagati yabo.
• Ibikoresho byoroheje mu bwogero cyangwa aho kwiyuhagira bigomba gupimwa ahantu hatose keretse iyo byatewe na spray, mugihe bigomba kuba byapimwe ahantu hatose.

Icyumba cyo Kubamo, Icyumba cyo kuriramo, n'ibyumba byo kuraramo

Ahantu hatuwe ni abakoresha ingufu zoroheje, ariko bagaragaje neza amashanyarazi.Uturere muri rusange dukoreshwa na 120-volt 15-amp cyangwa 20-amp zumuzingi zishobora gukorera icyumba kimwe gusa.

• Ibi byumba bisaba ko urukuta rushyirwa kuruhande rwumuryango winjira mucyumba kugirango ubashe gucana icyumba ucyinjiyemo.Ihindura irashobora kugenzura itara ryo hejuru, itara ryurukuta, cyangwa reseptor yo gucomeka mumatara.Igisenge cyo hejuru kigomba kugenzurwa nurukuta aho gukurura urunigi.
• Ibikoresho byakira urukuta birashobora gushyirwa kure ya metero 12 zitandukanye kurukuta urwo arirwo rwose.Igice cyose cyurukuta rugari kuri metero 2 kigomba kugira reseptacle.
• Ibyumba byo kuriramo mubisanzwe bisaba umuzunguruko wa 20 amp kumurongo umwe ukoreshwa kuri microwave, ikigo cyimyidagaduro, cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha.

Ingazi

Birasabwa ubwitonzi budasanzwe mu ngazi kugirango intambwe zose zimurikwe neza kugirango bigabanye amahirwe yo kunanirwa no kugabanya ingaruka zatewe.

• Inzira eshatu zirakenewe hejuru no hepfo ya buri ndege yintambwe kugirango amatara ashobora kuzimya no kuzimya kuva kumpande zombi.
• Niba ingazi zihindutse kumanuka, urashobora gukenera kongeramo amatara kugirango umenye neza ko uturere twose tumurikirwa.

Inzira

Ibice bya koridoro birashobora kuba birebire kandi bikenera itara rihagije.Witondere gushyira amatara ahagije kugirango igicucu kidaterwa mugihe ugenda.Wibuke inzira ya koridoro akenshi ikora nk'inzira zo guhunga mugihe byihutirwa.

• Umuhanda urenga metero 10 z'uburebure urasabwa kugira aho usohokera gukoreshwa muri rusange.
• Inzira eshatu zirasabwa kuri buri mpera ya koridoro, bigatuma urumuri rwo hejuru rushobora kuzimya no kuzimya kuva kumpande zombi.
• Niba hari inzugi nyinshi zitangwa na koridoro, nko mucyumba cyo kuraramo cyangwa bibiri, birashoboka ko ushaka kongeramo inzira enye hafi yumuryango hanze ya buri cyumba.

Imyenda

Imyenda igomba gukurikiza amategeko menshi yerekeye ubwoko bwimiterere no gushyira.

• Ibikoresho bifite amatara yaka cyane (mubisanzwe birashyuha cyane) bigomba kuba bifunze isi cyangwa igipfukisho kandi ntibishobora gushyirwaho muri santimetero 12 zahantu ho kubika imyenda (cyangwa santimetero 6 kubikoresho byasuzumwe).
• Ibikoresho bifite amatara ya LED bigomba kuba byibura santimetero 12 uvuye aho bibikwa (cyangwa santimetero 6 kugirango bisuzumwe).
• Ibikoresho hamwe na CFL (compact fluorescent) birashobora gushirwa muri santimetero 6 zububiko.
• Ibikoresho byose byashizwe hejuru (ntibisubirwamo) bigomba kuba hejuru kurusenge cyangwa kurukuta hejuru yumuryango.

Icyumba cyo kumeseramo

Amashanyarazi akenera icyumba cyo kumeseramo azaba atandukanye, biterwa nimba imyenda yumye ari amashanyarazi cyangwa gaze.

• Icyumba cyo kumeseramo gikenera byibura umuzenguruko umwe wa 20-amp kugirango bakire ibikoresho byo kumesa;uyu muzunguruko urashobora gutanga imyenda yo kumesa cyangwa icyuma cya gaze.
• Icyuma cyamashanyarazi gikenera 30-amp yacyo, 240-volt yumuzunguruko watsindagiye hamwe na bine (imirongo ishaje akenshi iba ifite imiyoboro itatu).
• Ibyakirwa byose bigomba kuba birinzwe na GFCI.

Garage

Kugeza muri NEC 2017, igaraje rishya ryubatswe rikeneye byibuze umuzenguruko umwe wihariye wa volt 120-amp 20 amp kugirango ukorere igaraje gusa.Uyu muzunguruko birashoboka ko amashanyarazi yakirwa hanze ya garage nayo.

• Imbere mu igaraje, hagomba kubaho byibura icyerekezo kimwe cyo kugenzura urumuri.Birasabwa gushiraho uburyo butatu bwo guhinduranya kugirango byorohe hagati yinzugi.
• Igaraje rigomba kugira resept imwe byibuze, harimo imwe kuri buri mwanya wimodoka.
• Ibaraje yose yakira igomba kuba irinzwe na GFCI.

Ibisabwa by'inyongera

Ibisabwa na AFCI.NEC isaba ko hafi yumuzunguruko wamashami yose yo kumurika no kwakirwa murugo bigomba kugira arc-amakosa yumuzunguruko-uhagarika (AFCI).Ubu ni uburyo bwo kurinda burinda gucana (arcing) bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yumuriro.Menya ko icyifuzo cya AFCI cyiyongera kubisabwa byose kurinda GFCI-AFCI ntabwo isimbuza cyangwa ngo ikureho gukingirwa kwa GFCI.

Ibisabwa na AFCI byubahirizwa cyane mubwubatsi bushya - nta gisabwa ko sisitemu ihari igomba kuvugururwa kugirango yubahirize ibyubaka-byubaka AFCI.Ariko, nkuko byavuzwe muri NEC 2017, mugihe ba nyiri amazu cyangwa amashanyarazi bavugurura cyangwa bagasimbuza ibyakiriwe neza cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, basabwa kongeramo uburinzi bwa AFCI aho hantu.Ibi birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye:

• Umuyoboro usanzwe wumuzunguruko urashobora gusimburwa numuyoboro udasanzwe wa AFCI.Aka ni akazi kumashanyarazi yemewe.Kubikora bizashiraho uburinzi bwa AFCI kumuzunguruko wose.
• Kunanirwa kwakirwa birashobora gusimburwa na AFCI yakira.Ibi bizatanga uburinzi bwa AFCI kubakira gusa bisimburwa.
• Aho na GFCI ikingirwa nayo isabwa (nk'igikoni n'ubwiherero), resept ishobora gusimburwa na reseptor ebyiri za AFCI / GFCI.

Tamper idashobora kwakirwa.Ibisanzwe byose byakirwa bigomba kuba byoroshye (TR).Ibi byashizweho hamwe nuburyo bwumutekano bwubatswe bubuza abana kwinjiza ibintu mumwanya wo kwakirwa.