Njalo eminyakeni emithathu, amalungu e-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) azoba nemihlangano yokubuyekeza, ukulungisa nokwengeza Ikhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (NEC), noma i-NFPA 70, izimfuneko zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kukagesi ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zokuhlala, ezohwebo nezimboni. ukwandisa ukuphepha kukagesi ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo.Njengokuphela kwelungu le-UL ilungu le-GFCI endaweni yase-China enkulu, i-Faith Electric izoqhubeka nokugxila emisha evela ezinguqukweni ezintsha nezingenzeka.
Sizohlola isizathu sokulandela izici eziyisithupha zokuthi kungani i-NEC cishe izozicabangela futhi ekugcineni yenze izinguquko.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-GFCI
Ushintsho luvela ku-NEC ka-2020.
Iphaneli 2 yokwenza ikhodi (CMP 2) isuse ireferensi ku-15A kanye ne-20A ebona ukuvikelwa kwe-GFCI kunoma iyiphi i-amp-rated receptacle outlet ezindaweni ezikhonjiwe.
Isizathu sokushintsha
Lona umnyakazo obheke ekwenziweni lula kokubili okungu-210.8(A) kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye no-210.8(B) kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala.Impendulo ephakamisa onjiniyela bakagesi, abahlinzeki kanye nosonkontileka manje bayaqaphela ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi i-GFCI ifakwe kuphi nokuthi akudingekile ukukhomba izindawo ezihlukile.I-CMP 2 iphinde yabona ukuthi ingozi ayishintshi uma isekethe inkulu kunama-amps angu-20.Ukuthi ukufakwa kungu-15 kuya ku-20 ama-amps noma ama-amps angu-60, ubungozi besifunda busekhona futhi ukuvikelwa kuyadingeka.
Yini engase ibanjwe yi-NEC 2023?
Njengoba izimfuneko ze-GFCI ziqhubeka nokushintsha, ukuhambisana komkhiqizo (uhambo olungadingeki) kusadla ochwepheshe abathile, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwesizathu.Noma kunjalo, ngikholwa ukuthi imboni izoqhubeka nokudala imikhiqizo emisha ehambisana nama-GFCI.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kuwubuhlakani ukwelula ukuvikela kwe-GFCI kuwo wonke amasekethe egatsha.Ngilindele izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezinomfutho mayelana nokwenyuka kokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko njengoba imboni icabanga ngokubuyekezwa kwamakhodi okuzayo.
Imishini yokungena yesevisi
Ushintsho luvela ku-NEC ka-2020
Izinguquko ze-NEC ziyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wokuqondanisa ikhodi nokuthuthuka komkhiqizo.Mhlawumbe sizoxoxa ngezindaba zokuphepha ezilandelayo:
- Amaphaneli wesevisi anezinqamuleli eziyisithupha awasavunyelwe.
- Izinqamuleli zokucima umlilo zezindlu zokuhlala zomndeni owodwa kanye nobabili sezifakiwe.
- Izidingo zesithiyo esiseceleni kolayini zinwetshwa ukuze zisebenze ngale kwamabhodi.
- Ukwehliswa kwe-arc kumasevisi angu-1200 amps nangaphezulu kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi ama-arcing currents avula ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa i-arc.
- Izilinganiso zamanje ze-Short-circuit current (SCCR): izixhumi zokucindezela namadivayisi kufanele zimakwe “ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ohlangothini lolayini lwempahla yesevisi” noma okulinganayo.
- Imishini yokuvikela ekhuphukayo iyadingeka kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala.
Isizathu sokushintsha
I-NEC ibubonile ubuthakathaka nezingozi ezihlobene nemishini futhi yashintsha imithetho eminingi osekunesikhathi eside ikhona.Ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukuvikeleka kosizo, i-NEC yaqala ukushintsha amakhodi esevisi emjikelezweni ka-2014 futhi namuhla ibazi kakhulu ubuchwepheshe nezixazululo ezisiza ukunciphisa nokunciphisa amathuba okuba ne-arc flash kanye nokushaqeka.
Yini engase ibanjwe yi-NEC 2023?
Imithetho esihlale nayo futhi samukela iminyaka manje iyabuzwa njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka.Ngalokho, ulwazi lwezokuphepha embonini yethu kanye ne-NEC izoqhubeka nokubekela inselele izinkambiso.
Imishini elungisiwe
Ushintsho luvela ku-NEC ka-2020
Izibuyekezo zizosungula isisekelo semizamo yesikhathi esizayo yokwengeza ukucaca, ukunweba kanye nezimfuneko ezifanele ngaphakathi kwe-NEC yezinto zokusebenza ezilungiswe kabusha nezisetshenzisiwe.Lezi zinguquko ziwumkhankaso wokuqala we-NEC wokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kabusha kwemishini kagesi.
Isizathu sokushintsha
Yize okokusebenza okulungiswe kabusha kunokufaneleka kwayo, akuwona wonke amadivayisi akhiwe kabusha aphinda adalwe ngokulinganayo.Ngalokho, ikomidi elididiyelayo labeka ukuphawula komphakathi kuwo wonke amaphaneli amakhodi, licela ngamunye ukuthi acabangele imishini emsebenzini wawo futhi anqume ukuthi yini engalungiswa futhi engeke ilungiswe ngokwezimali zeNational Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) zemishini evuselelwe.
Yini engase ibanjwe yi-NEC 2023?
Sibona izinselelo ezinhlangothini ezimbili.Okokuqala, i-NEC izodinga ukwengeza ukucaca okwengeziwe kumagama aphathelene “nokulungisa kabusha,” “ukulungisa kabusha” nokunye okunjalo.Okwesibili, izinguquko azinqumiKanjaniabathengisi kufanele balungise izinto zokusebenza, eziveza ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha.Ngalokho, abathengisi kufanele bathembele kumadokhumenti womkhiqizi wangempela.Ngikholwa ukuthi imboni izobona ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngamadokhumenti futhi iphakamise imibuzo eyengeziwe, efana nokufaka kuhlu imishini elungisiwe ibe yizinga elilodwa noma eminingi.Ukwakhiwa kwamamaki ohlu engeziwe kungase kubangele inkulumo-mpikiswano.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza
Ushintsho luvela ku-NEC ka-2020
I-NEC manje idinga ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kwamanje komjovo kwezinye izinto ze-Article 240.87 ngemva kokufakwa.Ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi nakho kuvunyelwe njengoba ukuhlolwa komjovo wamanje kungase kungabi nengqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Isizathu sokushintsha
Isiteji sabekwa ngezidingo ezikhona ze-NEC zokuhlolwa kwenkundla yokuvikelwa kwephutha eliphansi lobuchwepheshe bemishini lapho kufakwa, futhi azikho izidingo ezikhona zokuhlola okokusebenza okungu-240.87 ngemuva kokufakwa.Phakathi nezigaba zokufakwayo komphakathi, abanye embonini bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngezindleko zokuthutha amathuluzi okuhlola, ukuhlola izindawo ezifanele zokusebenza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imiyalelo yokuhlola yabakhiqizi iyalandelwa.Ushintsho lomthetho lubhekana nokunye kwalokhu kukhathazeka futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, luthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.
Yini engase ibanjwe yi-NEC 2023?
I-NEC ivamise ukunquma ukuthi yini okumele yenziwe, kodwa ayichazi ukuthi izinguquko zenziwa kanjani.Ngalokho, ake sibone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngemva komhlangano olandelayo we-NEC futhi silindele izingxoxo ezizayo mayelana nomthelela wokufakwa ngemva kokufakwa.
Layisha izibalo
Ushintsho luvela ku-NEC ka-2020
I-CMP 2 izonciphisa iziphindaphinda zokubala zomthwalo ukuze zibhekane nezixazululo zokukhanyisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Isizathu sokushintsha
Imboni kagesi igxile kakhulu ekusimameni, ukunciphisa imikhondo yekhabhoni nokudala ubuchwepheshe obunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Kodwa-ke, i-NEC bekumele iguqule izibalo zokulayisha ukuze ikwazi ukubhekana nayo.Izinguquko zekhodi ze-2020 zizolandisa ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-VA kwemithwalo yokukhanyisa futhi kulungise izibalo ngokufanele.Amakhodi amandla aqhuba izinguquko;iziphathimandla ezweni lonke ziphoqelela amakhodi ahlukahlukene wamandla (noma mhlawumbe awekho nhlobo), futhi isisombululo esihlongozwayo siwacabangela wonke.Ngakho-ke, i-NEC izothatha indlela elandelanayo yokunciphisa iziphindaphinda ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi amasekethe awahambi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Yini engase ibanjwe yi-NEC 2023?
Amathuba akhona okuthuthukisa izibalo zomthwalo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza njengezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibalulekile, kodwa imboni kufanele iqhubeke ngokuqaphela.Indawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo iyindawo lapho amandla engeke aphume khona, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.Ngikholwa ukuthi imboni izosebenza ukuze iqonde izimo zomthwalo onzima kakhulu futhi inqume indlela ephusile yokulayisha izibalo zamadivayisi afana nama-feeder, amasekhethi egatsha kanye nempahla yokungena yesevisi.
Amandla amaphutha atholakalayo kanye nawesikhashana
Ushintsho luvela ku-NEC ka-2020
I-NEC izodinga ukumaka amaphutha atholakalayo kuwo wonke amathuluzi, okuhlanganisa ama-switchboard, ama-switchgear nama-panelboard.Izinguquko zizothinta okokusebenza kwamandla wesikhashana:
- I-athikili 408.6 izonweba kokokusebenza kagesi wesikhashana futhi idinga izimpawu zamanje amaphutha kanye nosuku lokubala
- I-Athikili 590.8(B) yedivayisi yokuvikela okwedlulele yesikhashana phakathi kwama-volts angu-150 ukuya phansi kanye nama-volts angu-1000 isigaba-kuya-isigaba kuzoba umkhawulo wamanje
Isizathu sokushintsha
Amaphaneli, ama-switchboards kanye ne-switchgear bekungeyona ingxenye yokubuyekezwa kwekhodi ka-2017 yokumaka iphutha lamanje elitholakalayo.I-NEC iyaqhubeka nokuthatha izinyathelo zokwandisa amathuba okuthi izilinganiso ziphezulu kunamanje ezitholakalayo ze-short-circuit current.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi zesikhashana ezihamba zisuka endaweni yomsebenzi ziye endaweni yomsebenzi futhi zihlangabezane nokuguga okukhulu.Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanele, okokusebenza kwesikhashana kuzonciphisa izingcindezi zesistimu yamandla kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isistimu yesikhashana enikeziwe ifakwe kuphi.
Yini engase ibanjwe yi-NEC 2023?
I-NEC isaqhubeka nokugxila ezintweni eziyisisekelo njengenhlalayenza.Ukuphazamisa izilinganiso kanye ne-SCCR kubalulekile ekuphepheni, kodwa akukutholi ukunakwa okufanele kulo mkhakha.Ngilindele ukumakwa kwenkundla kwamaphaneli ane-SCCR kanye ne-fault current etholakalayo ukuze kuqhubekisele phambili ushintsho embonini futhi ngiqwashise ngokuthi okokusebenza kubhalwe kanjani ukuze kunqunywe isilinganiso se-SCCR.Ezinye izisetshenziswa zisekela i-SCCR kudivayisi yokuvikela ephazamisa ukulinganisa ephansi kakhulu, kodwa abahloli nabafaki kufanele bakhumbule leso simo ukuze baqinisekise ukufakwa okufanele.Ukulebula kwezinto zokusebenza kuzocutshungulwa, njengoba kuzoba nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukubala amaphutha akhona.
Ukubheka ikusasa
Izinguquko zekhodi zango-2023 zizoba zinkulu ngoba iphaneli yokwenza amakhodi ibukeka izolungisa maduze izimfuneko ezizanyiwe neziyiqiniso—ezinye zazo ezibe khona amashumi eminyaka.Yebo, miningi imininingwane edinga ukucatshangelwa kokubili manje nasesikhathini esizayo.Masihlale silindile ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko i-NEC yenguqulo elandelayo ezogcina izenze embonini zihlanganisa amadivayisi athile afana nezimpahla zokwamukela ze-GFCI ezingu-15/20A, i-AFCI GFCI Combo, izitolo ze-USB, nezimpahla zikagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-28-2022