Rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu, amalungu eNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) aya kubamba iintlanganiso zokuphonononga, ukuguqula kunye nokongeza iKhowudi entsha yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC), okanye iNFPA 70, iimfuno zokuphucula ukhuseleko lombane kwindawo yokuhlala, zorhwebo kunye nezixhobo zoshishino, oku kuya kuthi. ukwandisa ukhuseleko lombane ukuze usebenzise uxolo lwengqondo.Njengokuphela kwelungu le-UL ye-GFCI kwindawo enkulu yaseTshayina, iFaith Electric iya kuqhubeka nokugxila kwizinto ezintsha ezivela kutshintsho olutsha kunye olunokwenzeka.
Siza kuphonononga isizathu sokulandela imiba emithandathu yokuba kutheni i-NEC inokuthi ithathele ingqalelo kwaye ekugqibeleni yenze utshintsho.
Ukhuseleko lwe-GFCI
Utshintsho luvela kwi-NEC yowama-2020.
Iphaneli yokwenziwa kwekhowudi yesi-2 (CMP 2) isuse ireferensi kwi-15A kunye ne-20A eqaphela ukhuseleko lwe-GFCI kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuphuma ye-amp-rated kwindawo ezichongiweyo.
Ingqiqo yotshintsho
Le yintshukumo eya ekufezekiseni zombini i-210.8(A) yeeyunithi zokuhlala kunye no-210.8(B) kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala.Ingxelo ecetyisiweyo ziinjineli zombane, ababoneleli kunye neekontraka ngoku bayaqonda ukuba akukhathaliseki nokuba ifakwe phi i-GFCI kwaye akufuneki sichonge iindawo ezahlukeneyo.I-CMP 2 iphinde yaqaphela ukuba ingozi ayitshintshi xa isekethe inkulu kune-amps ezingama-20.Ingaba ukufakela i-15 ukuya kwi-20 amps okanye i-60 amps, iingozi zesekethe zisekhona kwaye ukhuseleko luyimfuneko.
Yintoni enokuthi ibanjwe yi-NEC ka-2023?
Njengoko iimfuno ze-GFCI ziqhubeka nokutshintsha, ukuhambelana kwemveliso (uhambo olungafunekiyo) kusadla iingcali ezithile, rhoqo ngaphandle kwesizathu.Nangona kunjalo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba ishishini liya kuqhubeka lisenza iimveliso ezintsha ezihambelana nee-GFCIs.Ukongeza, abanye bakholelwa ukuba kububulumko ukwandisa ukhuseleko lwe-GFCI kuzo zonke iisekethe zesebe.Ndilindele iingxoxo ezinomoya malunga nokunyuka kokhuseleko ngokuchasene neendleko njengoko ishishini licinga ngophononongo lwekhowudi yexesha elizayo.
Izixhobo zokungena kwinkonzo
Utshintsho luvela kwi-NEC yowama-2020
Utshintsho lwe-NEC luyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wokulungelelanisa ikhowudi kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwemveliso.Mhlawumbi iyakuxoxa le miba yokhuseleko ilandelayo:
- Iiphaneli zeephaneli zenkonzo ezinezithintelo ezintandathu azivumelekanga.
- Ukukhutshwa komcimi-mlilo kwindawo yokuhlala yosapho olunye kunye neyesibini kubandakanywa ngoku.
- Iimfuno zomqobo wecala lomgca zandiswe kwizixhobo zenkonzo ngaphaya kweebhodi zeepaneli.
- Ukunciphisa i-arc kwiinkonzo ze-1200 amps kunye nangaphezulu kufuneka kuqinisekiswe i-arcing currents isebenze iteknoloji yokunciphisa i-arc.
- Iireyithingi zangoku ezimfutshane (SCCR): izixhumi zoxinzelelo kunye nezixhobo kufuneka ziphawulwe "zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwicala lomgca wesixhobo senkonzo" okanye ngokulinganayo.
- Izixhobo ezikhuselayo zokhuseleko ziyafuneka kuzo zonke iiyunithi zokuhlala.
Ingqiqo yotshintsho
I-NEC yaqaphela ubuthathaka kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nezixhobo kwaye yatshintsha imithetho emininzi ekudala ikho.Ngenxa yokuba akukho khuseleko oluvela kwizinto eziluncedo, i-NEC yaqala ukutshintsha iikhowudi zenkonzo kumjikelo ka-2014 kwaye namhlanje iyazi ngakumbi itekhnoloji kunye nezisombululo ezinceda ukunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa ukubakho kwe-arc flash kunye nokothuka.
Yintoni enokuthi ibanjwe yi-NEC ka-2023?
Imithetho esiye sahlala nayo kwaye sayamkela iminyaka ngoku iyabuzwa njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili.Ngaloo nto, ulwazi lokhuseleko kwishishini lethu kunye ne-NEC iya kuqhubeka nokucela umngeni kwimimiselo.
Izixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo
Utshintsho luvela kwi-NEC yowama-2020
Uhlaziyo luya kuseka isiseko semizamo yexesha elizayo yokongeza ingcaciso, ukwandisa kunye nokulungisa iimfuno ngaphakathi kwe-NEC yezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo nezisetyenzisiweyo.Olu tshintsho linyathelo lokuqala le-NEC ekuqinisekiseni ukulungiswa ngokutsha kwezixhobo zombane.
Ingqiqo yotshintsho
Ngelixa izixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo zinokufaneleka kwazo, ayizizo zonke izixhobo ezakhiwe ngokutsha eziphinda zenziwe ngokulinganayo.Ngaloo nto, ikomiti ehambelanayo ibeka izimvo zoluntu kuzo zonke iiphaneli zekhowudi, icela ngamnye ukuba athathele ingqalelo izixhobo kwi-purview yabo kwaye anqume ukuba yintoni enokuthi iphinde ihlaziywe ngezibonelelo zeNational Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) kwizixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo.
Yintoni enokuthi ibanjwe yi-NEC ka-2023?
Sibona imingeni kumacala amabini.Okokuqala, i-NEC kuya kufuneka yongeze ingcaciso ethe kratya kwisigama malunga “nokulungiswa kwakhona,” “ukuhlaziya” nokunye okunjalo.Okwesibini, utshintsho alunyanzelisiNjaniabathengisi kufuneka bahlaziye izixhobo, ezibonisa inkxalabo yokhuseleko.Ngaloo nto, abathengisi kufuneka bathembele kumaxwebhu omvelisi wokuqala.Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ishishini liza kubona ukwanda kolwazi lwamaxwebhu kwaye liphakamise imibuzo emininzi, efana nokudwelisa izixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo kumgangatho omnye okanye ezininzi.Ukwenziwa kwamanqaku oluhlu olongezelelweyo nako kusenokubangela ingxoxo.
Uvavanyo lokusebenza
Utshintsho luvela kwi-NEC yowama-2020
I-NEC ngoku ifuna uvavanyo oluphambili lwangoku lwenaliti kwezinye izixhobo zeNqaku le-240.87 emva kofakelo.Ukulandela imiyalelo yomenzi nako kuvumelekile njengoko uvavanyo lwangoku lokutofa lusenokungasoloko luvakala.
Ingqiqo yotshintsho
Inqanaba lamiselwa kunye neemfuno ezikhoyo ze-NEC zovavanyo lwasendle lokhuseleko oluphantsi lwetekhnoloji yezixhobo ekufakweni, kwaye akukho mfuneko zikhoyo zokuvavanya izixhobo ezingama-240.87 emva kofakelo.Ngexesha lezigaba zegalelo likawonke-wonke, abanye kwishishini bavakalise inkxalabo ngeendleko zokuthutha izixhobo zovavanyo, ukuvavanya iindawo ezichanekileyo zokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalelo yovavanyo yabavelisi iyalandelwa.Utshintsho lomthetho lulungisa ezinye zezi nkxalabo kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, luphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
Yintoni enokuthi ibanjwe yi-NEC ka-2023?
I-NEC idla ngokumisela ukuba makwenziwe ntoni na, kodwa ayichazi ukuba utshintsho luphunyezwa njani.Ngaloo ndlela, makhe sibone ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni emva kwentlanganiso elandelayo ye-NEC kwaye silindele iingxoxo ezizayo malunga nefuthe lofakelo lwasemva.
Layisha izibalo
Utshintsho luvela kwi-NEC yowama-2020
I-CMP 2 iya kunciphisa ukubalwa komthwalo ophinda-phindwayo ukuze kuphendule izisombululo zokukhanyisa ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kweeyunithi zokuhlala.
Ingqiqo yotshintsho
Imboni yombane igxininise kakhulu ekuzinzeni, ukunciphisa i-carbon footprints kunye nokudala ubugcisa obunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Nangona kunjalo, i-NEC bekusafuneka itshintshe izibalo zomthwalo ukulungiselela.Utshintsho lwekhowudi ye-2020 luya kuphendula ukusetyenziswa kwe-VA ephantsi yokulayisha imithwalo kunye nokulungelelanisa izibalo ngokufanelekileyo.Iikhowudi zamandla ziqhuba utshintsho;amagunya kulo lonke ilizwe anyanzelise iindidi zeekhowudi zamandla (okanye mhlawumbi akukho nanye), kwaye isisombululo esicetywayo siqwalasela zonke.Ke ngoko, i-NEC iya kuthatha indlela engqongqo yokunciphisa iziphindaphindi-phinda-phinda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe azihambi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Yintoni enokuthi ibanjwe yi-NEC ka-2023?
Amathuba akhona okuphucula izibalo zomthwalo kwezinye izicelo ezifana neenkqubo zokhathalelo lwempilo olubalulekileyo, kodwa ishishini kufuneka liqhubeke ngononophelo.Indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo yindawo apho amandla angenako ukuphuma, ngakumbi ngexesha likaxakeka zonyango.Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ishishini liya kusebenza ukuze liqonde iimeko zomthwalo onzima kakhulu kwaye limisele indlela efanelekileyo yokulayisha izibalo zezixhobo ezifana ne-feeders, iisekethe zesebe kunye nezixhobo zokungena kwinkonzo.
Imposiso ekhoyo yangoku kunye namandla ethutyana
Utshintsho luvela kwi-NEC yowama-2020
I-NEC iya kufuna ukumakishwa okukhoyo kwi-fault current kuzo zonke izixhobo, kubandakanywa ii-switchboards, switchgear kunye nee-panelboards.Utshintsho luya kuchaphazela izixhobo zamandla zethutyana:
- ISiqendu 408.6 siya kunabela kwisixhobo sombane sethutyana kwaye sifune ukuphawulwa kwempazamo ekhoyo kunye nomhla wokubala.
- Inqaku le-590.8(B) lezixhobo zokukhusela okwethutyana phakathi kwe-150 volts ukuya emhlabeni kunye ne-1000 volts isigaba ukuya kwisigaba siya kuba ngumda wangoku.
Ingqiqo yotshintsho
Iipaneli zepaneli, iibhodi zokutshintsha kunye ne-switchgear azizange zibe yinxalenye yohlaziyo lwekhowudi ye-2017 yokumakisha i-fault current current.I-NEC iyaqhubeka nokuthatha amanyathelo okwandisa amathuba okuba iireyithingi ziphezulu kunendlela ekhoyo yesekethe emfutshane.Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwisixhobo sombane sexeshana esisuka kwindawo yengqesho siye kwindawo yomsebenzi kwaye sibe namava okuguga okungathethekiyo.Ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ofanelekileyo, izixhobo zexeshana ziya kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yamandla kungakhathaliseki ukuba kufakwe phi inkqubo yethutyana.
Yintoni enokuthi ibanjwe yi-NEC ka-2023?
I-NEC iyaqhubeka nokugxila kwizinto ezisisiseko njengamaxesha onke.Ukuphazamisa ukulinganisa kunye ne-SCCR zibalulekile kukhuseleko, kodwa abafumani ngqalelo efanelekileyo ebaleni.Ndilindele ukumakishwa kwendawo yeephaneli kunye ne-SCCR kunye nempazamo ekhoyo ngoku ukuqhuba utshintsho kwishishini kunye nokwazisa malunga nendlela izixhobo ezibhalwe ngayo ukumisela ukulinganisa kwe-SCCR.Ezinye izixhobo zisekela i-SCCR kwesona sixhobo sisezantsi sokuphazamiseka komgangatho wokhuseleko, kodwa abahloli kunye nabafakeli kufuneka baqaphele loo meko ukuze baqinisekise ukufakela okufanelekileyo.Ukuleyibhelishwa kwezixhobo kuya kufakwa phantsi koqwalaselo, njengoko kuya kuba njalo neendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukubala impazamo yombane.
Ukujonga kwikamva
Utshintsho lwekhowudi ye-2023 luya kuba lukhulu kuba iphaneli yokwenza ikhowudi ijonge ngokukhawuleza ukuguqula iimfuno ezizanyiweyo kunye nenyaniso-ezinye zazo eziye zahlala amashumi eminyaka.Kakade ke, zininzi iinkcukacha ezimele ziqwalaselwe ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.Masihlale sijonge ukuba loluphi utshintsho oluya kulwenza i-NEC yohlobo olulandelayo ekugqibeleni kushishino lubandakanya izixhobo ezithile ezinje nge-15/20A GFCI nezixhobo, i-AFCI GFCI Combo, iivenkile ze-USB, kunye nezixhobo zombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-28-2022