Buri myaka itatu, abanyamuryango b’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurinda umuriro (NFPA) bazakora inama zo gusuzuma, guhindura no kongeramo amategeko mashya y’amashanyarazi (NEC), cyangwa NFPA 70, ibisabwa kugira ngo umutekano w’amashanyarazi ukoreshwe mu bikoresho, amazu y’ubucuruzi n’inganda, ibi bizabikora kongera umutekano w'amashanyarazi kugirango urusheho gukoresha amahoro yo mumutima.Nkumunyamuryango umwe rukumbi wa UL muri GFCI mugace gakomeye k'Ubushinwa, Kwizera Electric izakomeza kwibanda ku guhanga udushya duhereye ku mpinduka nshya kandi zishoboka.
Tuzasesengura impamvu yo gukurikira ibintu bitandatu bituma NEC ishobora kuzirikana ibi hanyuma amaherezo ikagira impinduka.
Kurinda GFCI
Impinduka ziva muri NEC 2020.
Ikibaho cyo gukora kode 2 (CMP 2) yakuyeho ibivugwa kuri 15A na 20A byemera uburinzi bwa GFCI kubicuruzwa byose byapimwe byakira ahantu hagaragaye.
Impamvu yo guhinduka
Iyi ni inzira iganisha kuri 210.8 (A) kubice byo guturamo na 210.8 (B) kubindi bituwe.Igitekerezo cyatanzwe nabashinzwe amashanyarazi, abatanga isoko naba rwiyemezamirimo noneho bamenye ko ntacyo bitwaye aho GFCI yashyizweho kandi ko tudakeneye kumenya ahantu hatandukanye.CMP 2 yamenye kandi ko impanuka idahinduka mugihe umuzunguruko urenze amps 20.Niba kwishyiriraho ari 15 kugeza 20 amps cyangwa 60 amps, ibyago byumuzingi biracyahari kandi kurinda birakenewe.
Niki NEC 2023 ishobora gufata?
Mugihe ibisabwa bya GFCI bikomeje guhinduka, guhuza ibicuruzwa (gutembera udashaka) biracyakoresha abanyamwuga bamwe, akenshi nta mpamvu.Nubwo bimeze bityo, ndizera ko inganda zizakomeza gukora ibicuruzwa bishya bihuza na GFCIs.Byongeye kandi, bamwe bemeza ko ari byiza kwagura GFCI kurinda amashami yose.Ndateganya impaka zerekeranye no kongera umutekano hamwe nigiciro nkuko inganda zitekereza kode isubiramo.
Ibikoresho byinjira muri serivisi
Impinduka ziva muri NEC 2020
Impinduka za NEC zikomeza ubutumwa bwo guhuza code hamwe niterambere ryibicuruzwa.Birashoboka ko bazaganira kubibazo byumutekano bikurikira:
- Ikibaho cya serivisi hamwe na bitandatu bitandukanijwe ntibikiri byemewe.
- Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bahagarika inzu imwe nimiryango ibiri ubu barimo.
- Inzitizi zumurongo zisabwa zaguwe kubikoresho bya serivisi birenze imbaho.
- Kugabanya Arc kuri serivisi 1200 amps nibirenga bigomba kwemeza ko arcing ikora ikora tekinoroji yo kugabanya arc.
- Ibipimo bigufi byumuzunguruko (SCCR): abahuza igitutu nibikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho "bikwiriye gukoreshwa kumurongo wibikoresho bya serivisi" cyangwa bihwanye.
- Ibikoresho byo gukingira birakenewe kubice byose byo guturamo.
Impamvu yo guhinduka
NEC yamenye intege nke n’ingaruka zijyanye nibikoresho kandi ihindura amategeko menshi maremare.Kuberako nta kurinda ibikorwa byingirakamaro, NEC yatangiye guhindura code ya serivise mugihe cyumwaka wa 2014 kandi uyumunsi irazi ikoranabuhanga nibisubizo bifasha kugabanya no kugabanya amahirwe ya arc flash na shock.
Niki NEC 2023 ishobora gufata?
Amategeko twabanye kandi twemera imyaka myinshi ubu arakemangwa mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere.Hamwe nibyo, ubumenyi bwumutekano muruganda rwacu na NEC bizakomeza guhangana nibisanzwe.
Ibikoresho byasubiwemo
Impinduka ziva muri NEC 2020
Ivugurura rizashyiraho urufatiro rwibikorwa bizaza byo kongera ibisobanuro, kwagura no gukosora ibisabwa muri NEC kubikoresho byasubiwemo kandi bikoreshwa.Impinduka nizo NEC yambere yambere kugirango harebwe neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Impamvu yo guhinduka
Mugihe ibikoresho byasubiwemo bifite agaciro, ntabwo ibikoresho byose byubatswe byongeye kuremwa kimwe.Hamwe n’ibyo, komite ishinzwe guhuza ibitekerezo yashyize ahagaragara ibisobanuro ku mbuga zose za kode, isaba buri wese gusuzuma ibikoresho biri mu nshingano zayo no kumenya icyashobora kandi kidashobora gusubirwamo ku nkunga y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi (NEMA) ku bikoresho byavuguruwe.
Niki NEC 2023 ishobora gufata?
Turabona ibibazo kumpande zombi.Ubwa mbere, NEC izakenera kongera ibisobanuro kuri terminologiya hafi ya "reconditioning," "kuvugurura" nibindi nkibyo.Icya kabiri, impinduka ntizitegekaguteabagurisha bagomba kuvugurura ibikoresho, byerekana impungenge z'umutekano.Hamwe nibyo, abadandaza bagomba kwishingikiriza kumyandiko yumwimerere.Nizera ko inganda zizabona ubumenyi bwinyandiko kandi bikazamura ibibazo byinshi, nko gutondekanya ibikoresho byavuguruwe kurwego rumwe cyangwa byinshi.Kurema ibimenyetso byinyongera kurutonde nabyo bishobora gutera impaka.
Ikizamini cyimikorere
Impinduka ziva muri NEC 2020
NEC ubu isaba ibizamini byibanze byubu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe ingingo ya 240.87 nyuma yo kuyishyiraho.Gukurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe nabyo biremewe nkuko ibizamini byambere byatewe inshinge ntibishobora guhora byumvikana.
Impamvu yo guhinduka
Icyiciro cyashyizweho hamwe nibisabwa NEC isabwa kugirango igerageze mu murima wo kurinda amakosa-tekinoloji y’ibikoresho bimaze gushyirwaho, kandi nta bisabwa bihari byo kugerageza ibikoresho 240.87 nyuma yo kuyishyiraho.Mu byiciro byinjira mu ruhame, bamwe mu nganda bagaragaje impungenge zijyanye nigiciro cyo gutwara ibikoresho byipimisha, kugerageza ahantu heza h’imikorere no kureba niba amabwiriza y’ibizamini byakozwe n'abayakurikiza.Guhindura amategeko bikemura bimwe muribyo bibazo kandi cyane cyane, biteza imbere umutekano wabakozi.
Niki NEC 2023 ishobora gufata?
Ubusanzwe NEC igena ibigomba gukorwa, ariko ntibisobanura uburyo impinduka zishyirwa mubikorwa.Muri urwo rumuri, reka turebe uko bizagenda nyuma yinama itaha ya NEC kandi dutegereze ibiganiro bizaza kubyerekeye ingaruka za post-installation.
Kubara
Impinduka ziva muri NEC 2020
CMP 2 izagabanya kugwiza kubara imitwaro kugirango ibaze ibisubizo byoroheje byo kumurika mubindi bitari amazu yo guturamo.
Impamvu yo guhinduka
Inganda zamashanyarazi zifite intego yibanze ku buryo burambye, kugabanya ibirenge bya karubone no gukora ikoranabuhanga rigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.Ariko, NEC yari itarahindura imibare yimitwaro kugirango yakire.Guhindura kode ya 2020 bizabazwa VA yo hasi yo gukoresha imizigo yumucyo no guhindura imibare ukurikije.Kode yingufu zitwara impinduka;inkiko hirya no hino mu gihugu zubahiriza amategeko atandukanye y’ingufu (cyangwa birashoboka ko nta na hamwe), kandi igisubizo cyatekerejweho kibareba bose.Niyo mpamvu, NEC izafata ingamba zihamye zo kugabanya kugwiza kugirango imizunguruko itagenda mu bihe bisanzwe.
Niki NEC 2023 ishobora gufata?
Amahirwe arahari kugirango atezimbere kubara imitwaro kubindi bikorwa nka sisitemu yubuzima bukomeye, ariko inganda zigomba gukomeza kwitonda.Ibidukikije byubuzima nimwe aho imbaraga zidashobora kuzimya, cyane cyane mugihe cyihutirwa cyubuvuzi.Nizera ko inganda zizakora kugirango zumve ibintu bikabije kandi bikagena uburyo bunoze bwo kubara imizigo kubikoresho nka federasiyo, imiyoboro y'amashami n'ibikoresho byinjira muri serivisi.
Kuboneka amakosa agezweho nimbaraga zigihe gito
Impinduka ziva muri NEC 2020
NEC izakenera gushyira akamenyetso ku ikosa rihari ku bikoresho byose, birimo ibiyobora, ibyuma byerekana imbaho.Impinduka zizagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yigihe gito:
- Ingingo ya 408.6 izagera kubikoresho byamashanyarazi byigihe gito kandi bisaba ibimenyetso byerekana amakosa ahari nigihe cyo kubara
- Ingingo ya 590.8.
Impamvu yo guhinduka
Ikibaho, ibibaho na switchgear ntabwo byari bigize kode yo kuvugurura 2017 kugirango berekane amakosa ahari.NEC ikomeje gufata ingamba zo kongera amahirwe yo kuba amanota ari menshi ugereranije nigihe gito kigufi.Ibi nibyingenzi byingenzi kubikoresho byamashanyarazi byigihe gito biva kurubuga rwakazi bikajya kurubuga rwakazi kandi bikagira uburambe bukabije.Kugirango ukore neza, ibikoresho byigihe gito bizagabanya ingufu za sisitemu yingutu aho ariho hose hashyizweho sisitemu yigihe gito.
Niki NEC 2023 ishobora gufata?
NEC ikomeje kwibanda kubyingenzi nkibisanzwe.Guhagarika amanota hamwe na SCCR nibyingenzi mumutekano, ariko ntibitabwaho neza murwego.Ndizera ko ibimenyetso byerekana imirima hamwe na SCCR hamwe nibishobora kuboneka kugirango habeho impinduka mu nganda no gukangurira kumenya uburyo ibikoresho byashyizweho kugirango tumenye urutonde rwa SCCR.Ibikoresho bimwe shingiro rya SCCR kurwego rwo hasi rwo guhagarika igipimo cyokwirinda birenze urugero, ariko abagenzuzi nababashiraho bagomba kuzirikana ibyabaye kugirango barebe neza.Ibikoresho byo kuranga bizaza gukurikiranwa, kimwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mukubara amakosa yimikorere.
Urebye ejo hazaza
2023 impinduka za kode zizaba ingirakamaro muburyo akanama gashinzwe gukora kode gashobora guhindura vuba ibisabwa-byageragejwe-bimwe muribi byabayeho mumyaka mirongo.Birumvikana ko hari byinshi bisobanuro bigomba gusuzumwa haba ubu ndetse no mugihe kizaza.Reka dukomeze duhindure impinduka NEC ya verisiyo itaha amaherezo izakora inganda zirimo ibikoresho byihariye nka 15 / 20A GFCI yakira, AFCI GFCI Combo, ibyuma bya USB, hamwe n’amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2022