Malamulo a National Electrical Code of Outdoor Wiring

NEC (National Electrical Code) imaphatikizapo zofunikira zambiri zoyika mabwalo akunja ndi zida.Chofunikira chachikulu pachitetezo ndikuteteza ku chinyezi ndi dzimbiri, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa thupi, ndikuwongolera zovuta zokhudzana ndi maliro apansi pansi pamawaya akunja.Ndi ma projekiti ambiri opangira mawaya akunja, zofunika pamakina ofunikira zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zotengera panja ndi zowunikira, ndikuyendetsa mawaya pamwamba ndi pansi.Zofunikira zovomerezeka zomwe zili ndi "zolembedwa" zomwe zatchulidwazi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe lovomerezeka loyesa, monga UL (omwe kale anali Underwriters Laboratories).

Kwa Zotengera Zamagetsi Zakunja

Malamulo ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakunja ndi cholinga chochepetsa kugwedezeka, chomwe ndi chiopsezo chodziwika chomwe chimachitika nthawi iliyonse yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akumana ndi dziko lapansi.Malamulo akuluakulu a zotengera zakunja ndi awa:

• Chitetezo cha Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter ndichofunika pazotengera zonse zakunja.Kupatulapo kutha kupangidwa pazida zosungunula chipale chofewa kapena zowotchera, pomwe zidazo zimayendetsedwa ndi malo osafikirika.Chitetezo chofunikira cha GFCI chitha kuperekedwa ndi zotengera za GFCI kapena zophwanya ma circuit GFCI.
• Nyumba ziyenera kukhala ndi chotengera chimodzi chakunja kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa nyumbayo kuti mukhale ndi mtendere wamumtima.Ayenera kupezeka mosavuta kuchokera pansi komanso osapitirira 6 1/2 mapazi pamwamba pa giredi (pansi).
• Makhonde okhala ndi malo olowera mkati (kuphatikiza chitseko chamkati) akuyenera kukhala ndi cholandirira chosaposa 6 1/2 mapazi pamwamba pa khonde kapena pamwamba pake.Monga upangiri wamba, nyumba ziyeneranso kukhala ndi chotengera mbali zonse za khonde kapena bwalo lofikira pansi.
• Zotengera zomwe zili m'malo achinyezi (pansi pa zotchingira zoteteza, monga denga la khonde) ziyenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi nyengo (WR) komanso zotchingira nyengo.
• Zotengera zomwe zili m'malo onyowa (pomwe sizikhala ndi nyengo) ziyenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi nyengo komanso kukhala ndi chivundikiro "chogwiritsidwa ntchito" chosagwirizana ndi nyengo.Chivundikirochi nthawi zambiri chimateteza nyengo yotsekedwa ngakhale zingwe zitalumikizidwa muchotengera.
• Dziwe losambira lokhazikika liyenera kukhala ndi chotengera chamagetsi chomwe sichili pafupi ndi mapazi 6 komanso osapitilira 20 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa dziwe.Chotengeracho sichiyenera kukhala chapamwamba kuposa 6 1/2 mapazi pamwamba pa dziwe.Chotengera ichi chiyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha GFCI.
• Zotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mphamvu zopopera pa maiwe ndi malo opumira siziyenera kuyandikira mapazi 10 kuchokera mkati mwa makoma a dziwe lokhazikika, spa, kapena chubu yotentha ngati mulibe chitetezo cha GFCI choperekedwa, komanso osayandikira mapazi 6 kuchokera mkati mwa makoma amkati mwa dziwe lokhazikika kapena spa ngati ali otetezedwa ndi GFCI.Zotengera izi ziyenera kukhala zotengera zomwe sizimatumiza zida kapena zida zina.

Za Kuwunikira Panja

Malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikira panja ndi okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zidavotera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo achinyezi kapena amvula:

• Zowunikira m'malo achinyezi (zotetezedwa ndi denga kapena denga) ziyenera kulembedwa kuti zikhale zonyowa.
• Zowunikira m'malo onyowa / owonekera ziyenera kulembedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo onyowa.
• Mabokosi amagetsi okwera pamwamba pazitsulo zonse zamagetsi akuyenera kukhala osagwa mvula kapena kulimbana ndi nyengo. 
• Kuwala kwakunja sikufuna chitetezo cha GFCI.
• Machitidwe owunikira otsika kwambiri ayenera kulembedwa ndi bungwe loyesa lovomerezeka ngati dongosolo lonse kapena kusonkhanitsa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zalembedwa.
• Magetsi otsika mphamvu (zounikira) sayenera kuyandikira mamita asanu kuchokera ku makoma akunja a maiwe, malo opangira malo, kapena machubu otentha.
• Transformers zowunikira zotsika magetsi ziyenera kukhala pamalo ofikirako.
• Masinthidwe owongolera dziwe kapena magetsi a spa kapena mapampu ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 mapazi kuchokera kunja kwa makoma a dziwe kapena spa pokhapokha atasiyanitsidwa ndi dziwe kapena spa ndi khoma.

Kwa Zingwe Zapanja ndi Makondomu

Ngakhale chingwe chokhazikika cha NM chili ndi jekete yakunja ya vinilu ndi zotsekera zotchingira madzi mozungulira mawaya omwe akuyendetsa, sichinapangidwe kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito panja.M'malo mwake, zingwe ziyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panja.Ndipo mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngalande, pali malamulo ena oti muwatsatire.Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito zingwe zakunja ndi makoswe ndi awa:

• Wiring / chingwe chowonekera kapena chokwiriridwa chiyenera kulembedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito.Mtundu wa UF chingwe ndiye chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma wiring akunja.
• Chingwe cha UF chikhoza kukwiriridwa mwachindunji (popanda ngalande) yokhala ndi mainchesi 24 akuphimba pansi.
• Mawaya okwiriridwa mkati mwazitsulo zolimba (RMC) kapena ngalande yachitsulo yapakatikati (IMC) iyenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro cha nthaka osachepera mainchesi 6;mawaya mu ngalande ya PVC ayenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro osachepera mainchesi 18.
• Kubwerera mmbuyo mozungulira ngalande kapena zingwe ziyenera kukhala zosalala granular zopanda miyala.
• Mawaya amagetsi otsika (osapitirira 30 volts) ayenera kukwiriridwa osachepera mainchesi 6 kuya kwake.
• Mawaya okwiriridwa amayendetsa kuti kusintha kuchokera pansi pa nthaka kupita pamwamba pa nthaka kuyenera kutetezedwa mu ngalande kuchokera kukuya kofunikira kwa chivundikiro kapena mainchesi 18 (chilichonse chocheperako) mpaka kumapeto kwake pamwamba pa nthaka, kapena osachepera 8 mapazi pamwamba pa giredi.
• Mawaya amagetsi omwe ali padziwe, spa, kapena chubu yotentha ayenera kukhala osachepera 22 1/2 mapazi pamwamba pa madzi kapena pamwamba pa nsanja yolowera pansi.
• Zingwe zotumizira deta kapena mawaya (telefoni, intaneti, ndi zina zotero) ziyenera kukhala zosachepera mapazi 10 pamwamba pa madzi m'madziwe, malo osungiramo malo, ndi machubu otentha.